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Item Influence Of Strategy Formulation On Performance Of Water Service Providers In The Lower-Eastern Counties Of Kenya.(Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research,, 2025-09) Miriti, Erastus Mwongera; Kihara, Peter; Miluwi, JoshuaKenya's water service providers face significant performance challenges, with Non-Revenue Water exceeding 45% and water coverage at only 60%. These inefficiencies result in annual revenue losses of approximately Kshs 15.8 billion, significantly constraining agricultural productivity in an agriculture-dependent economy. This study examined the influence of strategy formulation on performance of water service providers in the Lower- Eastern counties of Kenya. The study aimed to determine the influence of strategy formulation on performance of water service providers in the Lower-Eastern counties of Kenya. The research was anchored on four complementary theories: Resource Based View theory, which emphasizes strategic application of distinctive organizational resources; Dynamic Capabilities Theory, focusing on adaptive capacity development; Agency Theory, addressing principal-agent relationships in state-owned water resources; and Stakeholder Theory, recognizing diverse interests in water resource management. The study adopted a positivist philosophy using descriptive survey design with mixed-methods approach. The target population comprised 758 staff across ten licensed water service providers. Stratified purposive sampling yielded 183 respondents determined by Yamane's formula. Data collection utilized self-administered questionnaires with pre-testing confirming reliability (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.73-0.86). Analysis employed SPSS Version 21 for descriptive and inferential statistics. Bivariate regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between strategy formulation and performance (r = 0.426, p < 0.001). Strategy formulation explained 18.2% of performance variation (R2 = 0.182). The regression equation Y = 2.077 + 0.365X1 + ε demonstrated that each unit increase in strategy formulation resulted in 0.365 unit improvement in performance (β = 0.365, t = 5.771, p < 0.001). The F-statistic (33.302) confirmed model significance. Strategy formulation significantly influences water service provider performance.. Water service providers should establish comprehensive stakeholder engagement frameworks, invest in strategic planning capabilities, implement balanced performance measurement systems, and prioritize research and development investments for sustainable competitive advantage.Item INFLUENCE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE. A SURVEY OF COMMERCIAL BASED PARASTATALS IN NAIROBI COUNTY(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2021-08) Nyagaki, B. K; Munga, J.; Nzioki, SThis analysis determined the influence of strategic management practices on organizational performance, a case study of commercial based parastatals in Nairobi County, Kenya. The review would greatly contribute towards the running of commercially based parastatals in Nairobi County, Kenya. Terminations from the analysis aid them towards the formulation as well as designing of effective plans for the identification and tackling of concerns surrounding strategic management practices in order to realize established desires and ensure relevancy in a dynamic and place commercially based parastatals well towards better results going forward. This study adopted descriptive research design and targeted 129 employees of commercial based parastatals in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was carried out through a census; a questionnaire was used in data collection. Quantitative approaches were used for data analysis whereby Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23.0) was used to run descriptive and inferential statistics. The result indicated that collectively environmental scanning has the highest positive influence on organization performance, followed by strategy evaluation, strategy formulation and strategy implementation. The study concluded that predictors collectively influence organization performance. The findings are expected to be of value to the management and decision makers to form a basis for improving implementation of strategies. The study recommended that during strategy formulation the commercial based parastatals should involve all stakeholders in the industry so as to create sense of ownership. Commercial based parastatals should have a well-conceived strategic vision that must be communicated to all employees. Commercial based parastatals should seek more input from the lower level managers and supervisors when formulating strategy so that the formulated plans will be effective and in line with both long and short term objectives of the organization. Furthermore, studies can be done to other variables which influence implementation of strategic plans but were not considered in this study or the same variables to different populations, locations and other sectors of economy in Kenya