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Effect of Digital Payment Services On Financial Inclusion Among Women-Owned Enterprises in Kajiado Central Sub-County, Kenya
(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2026-07) Sarafino Leparmarai,; Kithinji Moses; Naaminda Barbara
This study examined the effects of digital payment services on financial inclusion among women-owned
enterprises in Kajiado Central Sub-County, Kenya. The study was grounded in rational choice theory and
adopted a descriptive research design. A total of 138 questionnaires were distributed to respondents in
selected state corporations in Nairobi, with 116 completed and returned, yielding a response rate of 84.1%,
considered adequate for analysis. Findings showed that digital payment systems were widely accepted and
perceived as beneficial. A positive relationship between digital payments and financial inclusion highlights
their role in improving transaction efficiency, expanding access to financial services, and integrating women-
owned enterprises into the formal financial system. The study concluded that digital payments services play a
significant and complementary role in enhancing financial inclusion among women entrepreneurs. Their
accessibility, efficiency, and user-oriented features make them powerful tools for economic empowerment.
The study recommends that policymakers and financial service providers expand digital infrastructure,
particularly agent networks and ATM coverage, to improve accessibility.
Effect of Digital Payment Services On Financial Inclusion Among Women-Owned Enterprises in Kajiado Central Sub-County, Kenya
(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2026-07) Sarafino Leparmarai,; Kithinji Moses; Naaminda Barbara
This study examined the effects of digital payment services on financial inclusion among women-owned
enterprises in Kajiado Central Sub-County, Kenya. The study was grounded in rational choice theory and
adopted a descriptive research design. A total of 138 questionnaires were distributed to respondents in
selected state corporations in Nairobi, with 116 completed and returned, yielding a response rate of 84.1%,
considered adequate for analysis. Findings showed that digital payment systems were widely accepted and
perceived as beneficial. A positive relationship between digital payments and financial inclusion highlights
their role in improving transaction efficiency, expanding access to financial services, and integrating women-
owned enterprises into the formal financial system. The study concluded that digital payments services play a
significant and complementary role in enhancing financial inclusion among women entrepreneurs. Their
accessibility, efficiency, and user-oriented features make them powerful tools for economic empowerment.
The study recommends that policymakers and financial service providers expand digital infrastructure,
particularly agent networks and ATM coverage, to improve accessibility.
Influence of Digital Financial Services On Financial Inclusion Among Women-Owned Enterprises in Kajiado Central Sub-County
(KeMU, 2026-09) SARAFINO LEPARMARAI
Financial inclusion aims to close gaps in the access enterprises have to financial
products and services, though uptake remains weak among businesses owned by
women. Figures reveal that merely 15.6% of SMEs obtain bank credit, whereas
only 10% have fully woven digital financial services into their transactions.
Numerous SMEs still encounter difficulties when trying to reach financial services,
which raises their exposure to financial exclusion. In response, a range of digital
financial services has been rolled out and taken up by small enterprises. This study
explored how digital financial services influence financial inclusion among
women-owned enterprises in Kajiado Central Sub-County. In particular, it
evaluated the impact of digital payment, withdrawal, savings, and credit services.
The research drew on financial intermediation theory and technology acceptance
model (TAM) together with rational choice theory and employed a quantitative
explanatory survey research design. Altogether, 138 questionnaires were issued to
respondents in chosen women-owned enterprises in Kajiado Central Sub-County,
of which 116 were filled out and returned, producing a response rate of 84.1%,
deemed sufficient for analysis. Results reveal that digital payment systems enjoy
broad acceptance and are viewed as advantageous. A positive link between digital
payments and financial inclusion underscores their part in boosting transaction
efficiency, broadening access to financial services, and bringing women-owned
enterprises into the formal financial system. The research likewise established that
having withdrawal point’s close by sustains business operations by allowing easy
conversion of digital funds into cash. The favourable influence of digital
withdrawal services implies that better access strengthens entrepreneurs' capacity
to make effective use of financial services. Moreover, digital savings services were
found to encourage consistent saving habits through incentives like interest
earnings, bonuses, and rewards. A robust positive link between digital savings and
financial inclusion shows that these services carry a considerable impact relative to
other variables. In addition, digital credit services were demonstrated to deliver
quicker loan approvals and wider accessibility than conventional lending systems.
Regression outcomes verified that digital credit exerts a statistically significant
effect on financial inclusion. The study concludes that digital financial services
payments, withdrawals, savings, and credit perform a meaningful and mutually
reinforcing role in strengthening financial inclusion among women entrepreneurs.
Their accessibility, efficiency, and user-focused features render them potent
instruments for economic empowerment. The study recommends that
policymakers and financial service providers broaden digital infrastructure,
especially agent networks and ATM coverage, to enhance accessibility. Financial
institutions ought to improve digital savings products via incentives and user-
friendly features, while digital credit systems should emphasize affordability,
transparency, and responsible lending. Lastly, targeted financial literacy programs
are vital to furnish women entrepreneurs with the knowledge and skills required to
fully harness digital financial services.
Effect of Organizational Culture On Performance of Manufacturing Industries in Nairobi County, Kenya
(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2025-09) Ogeto Anna Bochere; Gichunge Evangeline; Kituku Gladys
This study examined organizational culture on performance of manufacturing industries in Nairobi County. A
descriptive research design was employed, targeting a sample drawn from manufacturing companies
registered under the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM). Data were collected through structured
questionnaires administered to managers who are directly linked to change management from selected firms
in Nairobi County. The quantitative data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and key study
variables, while inferential statistical techniques, including the Pearson correlation and the multiple linear
regression, were used to establish the strength and significance of the relationship between organization
culture and performance. The findings revealed that organizational culture had a statistically significant
influence on the organizational performance. The study concluded that effective organizational culture
significantly contributes to improved organizational performance in the manufacturing sector. It
recommended that manufacturing firms should continuously invest in inclusive culture to facilitate successful
change initiatives.
A Cybersecurity Framework for Mitigating Online Identity Theft and Phishing Among Youth in Westlands Constituency, Nairobi County
(Int Journal of Social Sciences Management and Entrepreneurship, 2026-06) Ogoro Alice Kemunto; Murungi Robert; John Jenu
The increasing use of digital technologies in communication, education, financial transactions,
and social interaction has heightened exposure to cyber threats, particularly online identity theft
and phishing. Youth are among the most vulnerable groups due to their extensive engagement
with digital platforms and limited cybersecurity preparedness. This study examined the
influence of technology adoption, cybersecurity education, and policy awareness on the
mitigation of online identity theft and phishing among youth in Westlands Constituency,
Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was guided by Routine Activity Theory, Protection
Motivation Theory, the Health Belief Model, and Institutional Theory. A mixed-methods
descriptive correlational research design was employed. Primary data were collected from 338
youth respondents using structured questionnaires, complemented by qualitative responses and
document review. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson
correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed
thematically. The findings revealed that technology adoption, cybersecurity education, and
policy awareness all have positive and statistically significant influences on the mitigation of
online identity theft and phishing. Cybersecurity education emerged as the strongest predictor,
indicating that increased knowledge and awareness significantly enhance individuals’ ability
to identify and respond to cyber threats. Technology adoption contributed to mitigation through
the use of cybersecurity tools and protective practices, while policy awareness positively
influenced cybersecurity behavior, although its effect was comparatively weaker due to limited
awareness and institutional trust. The study concludes that effective mitigation of online
identity theft and phishing requires an integrated approach that combines cybersecurity
education, technology adoption, and policy awareness. The study contributes to cybersecurity
knowledge by proposing an integrated framework for strengthening cybersecurity resilience
among youth in digitally connected environments.