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Item Influence of Demographic Factors on Uptake of Diagnostic Imaging by Oncology Patients in South Rift Counties, Kenya(Journal of Medicine, Nursing and Public Health,, 2024-08) Muikamba, Lilian; Tenambergen, Wanja; Muiruri, LilianPurpose: To determine the influence of demographic factors on uptake of diagnostic imaging by oncology patients in South Rift Counties, Kenya. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was adopted when collecting data from 5 public hospitals in South Rift Counties. The study issued questionnaires to oncology patients and interviewed the rest of the respondents. A pre-test study was done at Texas Cancer Center in Nairobi County. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis. Qualitative results data was analyzed through thematic method. Results: 74(25%) patients had 41-50 years and 65(22%) were 61-70 years. The least number of oncology patients who were 3(1%) and they were 18-20 years of age. Further, 264(89%) were married while 33(11%) were not married. Additionally, 182(61%) were male patients while 115(39%) were female patients. Additionally, 166(56%) had a tertiary level of education while 39(13%) had primary school qualifications. In addition, 203(68%) were Christians and 80(27%) were Muslims and only 5(2%) were not religious. Notably, 110(37%) of the patients had breast cancer while 77(26%) had colon cancer. The least group of patients who were 12(4%) had lung cancer. Additionally, most of healthcare workers who were 12(39%) had more than 50 years while 10(32%) had 41-50 years. However, 4(13%) had 18-30 years. Further, 18(58%) had a master’s degree while 5(16%) had a PhD. In addition, 17(55%) had more than 10 years of service while only 5(16%) had 5-7 years. The Chi-square result revealed that χ2 (1, N = 297) = 461.599, p < 0.05. That is the Pearson Chi-Square was 461.599 at a p-value of 0.027. Conclusion and Recommendations: Most patients that sought cancer diagnostic imaging were middle and old aged male people who were married. This meant that unmarried young female adults hardly sought imaging services. The most common cancer illnesses scanned were breast, colon, and cervical cancers. The study recommends that that the hospital management should provide more funding for sensitization programs to inform unmarried young people especially females to seek early diagnostic imaging services. This will enable them to ensure that no cancerous cells are growing to be discovered at a late stage for effective management.Item Gamification on Social Media to Enhance Library Services in Kenyan Private Universities(Journal of Science & Technology, 2025-09) Naisula, Segel Winner; Gichohi, Paul Maku; Murugi, EdithThis study examined the application of gamification strategies on social media as an innovative approach to enhance student interaction with library services at Strathmore and Riara Universities, Kenya. Guided by the Self-Determination Theory, which emphasizes competence, relatedness, and autonomy as intrinsic motivators, the study explored how game elements such as contests, quizzes, and digital badges influence engagement. A descriptive survey design was employed, targeting a population of 2,100 individuals (1,800 students and 300 librarians). Stratified random sampling yielded 300 students, while purposive sampling selected 36 librarians, resulting in a final response of 255 students (85%) and 20 librarians (55.6%). Data were collected using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, with reliability confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha values above 0.7. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS v26 (descriptive statistics), while qualitative insights were thematically analyzed. The findings revealed that gamification significantly improved interaction with library services, with 50.6% of students reporting motivation from contests, 48.2% from digital badges, and 60% from quizzes. Despite these benefits, challenges such as limited resources, inadequate training, and access to gamification software constrained scalability. The study concludes that gamification offers a practical framework for bridging the student-library engagement gap in Kenyan private universities. It recommends investing in affordable gamification tools, training librarians in digital engagement strategies, and conducting regular audits of library social media initiatives. Adoption of such measures would enhance both the visibility and utilization of library services in resource-constrained academic environments.Item Adoption of Paperless Communication in Promoting Environmental Sustainability: Insights from Marsabit County Teaching & Referral Hospital, Kenya(Journal of Information and Technology, 2025-09) Diba, Bilinga Kosi; Paul, Gichohi Maku; Edith, MurugiThis study examined the adoption of paperless communication as an eco-friendly practice for promoting environmental sustainability at Marsabit County Teaching and Referral Hospital (MCTRH), Kenya. The study is guided by the Green Information Technology (Green IT) Theory, which emphasizes sustainable ICT practices across their life cycle to promote eco- friendly digital records management and environmental sustainability. A descriptive survey design was employed, targeting hospital staff. Structured questionnaires were administered to 117 respondents, supplemented with key informant interviews picked using stratified random and purposive sampling, respectively, that ensured representation across departments. Validity of the instruments was established through expert review, while reliability was confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha values above 0.7. Ethical approval was granted, and informed consent was obtained from participants. Out of the 117 targeted respondents, 114 returned completed questionnaires, yielding a 97% response rate. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations), while qualitative insights were thematically analyzed. The results show that respondents strongly acknowledged the role of paperless communication in reducing paper usage, streamlining workflows, and enhancing accessibility. Nevertheless, challenges such as limited ICT infrastructure, inadequate digital literacy, and unstable internet connectivity were identified as barriers to effective adoption. These findings corroborate recent studies highlighting that digital tools reduce environmental footprints while improving operational efficiency. The study concludes that paperless communication holds significant potential for advancing environmental sustainability at MCTRH but requires deliberate support. It recommends the hospital administration to prioritize ICT infrastructure investments, institutionalize policies on paperless communication, and provide regular staff training. Such efforts would enhance both operational efficiency and environmental sustainability outcomes.Item Effect of Training Programs on Organizational Performance of Meru County Government, Kenya(Journal of Human Resource & Leadership, 2025-07) Ireen, Mung’athia Mukiri; Nancy, Rintari; Fredrick, MuteaThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of training programs on the organizational performance of Meru County Government, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design, which enabled assessment of the characteristics of the population. The target population comprised 33 senior-level managers and 677 middle-level employees in 11 departments of the Meru County Government. The study used the purposive sampling method to sample 11 CECs, 11 directors, and 11 administrators, while the simple random method was used to sample the middle-level employees’ sample size. In determining the sample size of the population, the Yamane formula was used to arrive at the sample of 251 middle-level employees. The middle- level employees answered the questionnaires, whereas the senior-level management was interviewed. A pilot study was conducted in the Tharaka Nithi County Government. Additionally, the Cronbach alpha method was used to measure reliability. The study assessed content and criterion validity. SPSS software version 24 was used to analyze descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and means. Additionally, inferential statistics such as model summary and ANOVA were developed, as well as regression coefficients to determine the model of the study. The correlation coefficient for training programs was r = 0.501 at α < 0.002 and a 99% significance level, which enabled the study to reject the null hypothesis. It was concluded that training programs were vital towards enhancing the performance of the county government. Their contribution made it possible to transfer skills and knowledge from the management to the staff within reasonable time and environment. The skills transferred enabled them to remain relevant in their industries and professions. That notwithstanding, the number of trainings offered to the staff was still few as compared to the training needs placed by business demands. The study recommends the need for the county government leadership develop an adequate policy framework that would increase the budget allocated to training and development programs that can support employees. Additionally, the departmental managers should encourage the employees to collaborate with their colleagues in gaining peer-related training on operations. The employees are also encouraged to develop proactiveness with regard to seeking information and knowledge from the internet and other external sources so as to become innovative in their roles. They do not necessarily have to wait for formal training in the county government to take place to gain work-related insights.Item Effect of Democratic Leadership on Organizational Performance of Level Four and Five Public Hospitals in Isiolo County, Kenya(Journal of Strategic Management, 2025-07) Abdi, Wario; Nancy, Rintari; Paul, KirigiaThe purpose of the study is to determine the effect of democratic leadership on organizational performance of level four and five public hospitals in Isiolo County, Kenya. The study adopted correlational research and targeted Isiolo County referral hospital, Garbatulla hospital and Merti hospital in Isiolo County. The respondents included 3 medical superintendents, 29 departmental heads, 62 health care staff, and 38 operations staff. The medical superintendents and departmental heads were sampled using purposive sampling method, whereas the staff were sampled using simple random method. The questionnaires were administered to the staff, while interviews were conducted on the management. A pilot study was conducted in Marsabit county hospital and reliability tested through Cronbach Alpha coefficient. Complete questionnaire’s data were coded into SPSS version 25 for the analysis of both descriptive and inferential statistics. It is thus noted that with regards to democratic leadership, public hospitals had ensured that there were strong systems that were supported by employee innovations and collaborations between the management and staff. However, the communication pattern between the management and other stakeholders was found to be limited. The study recommends that the county government leadership, should develop strategic policies that will guide on the interactions of hospital’s management with internal and external stakeholders more effectively. This could be informed by the constitution and existing MOH guidelines.Item Influence of Resource Allocation on Organizational Performance of Commercial Banks in Meru County, Kenya(Journal of Strategic Management, 2025-07) Martin, Kirimi Mwongera; Nancy, Rintari; Paul, KirigiaThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of resource allocation on the organizational performance of commercial banks in Meru County, Kenya. The study used a descriptive design targeting 19 banks in Meru County, involving 19 managers and 91 staff. Data were collected via questionnaires and interviews, analyzed using SPSS and thematic methods. Most respondents (87%) reported ICT investment improved communication, efficiency, and reduced resource waste. Financial accountability (84%) also reduced waste, but challenges like poor training, politics, and resistance affected risk allocation. A significant correlation (r = 0.379, p < 0.001) was found between resource allocation and performance outcomes. The study recommends that senior management should ensure that there is impartiality in organizational politics to minimize its interference with even resource distribution among the departments. Furthermore, the study suggests that there is a need for employee involvement measures to minimize the resistance level experienced within the banking departments.Item Influence of Strategic Leadership on Organizational Performance of County Government of Kitui, Kenya(Journal of Strategic Management, 2025-08) Damaris, Mumo Mutheu; Paul, Kirigia; Nancy, RintariThe purpose of the study was to examine the influence of strategic leadership on the organizational performance of the County Government of Kitui, Kenya. A descriptive research design was used to determine the characteristics of the population under consideration. The respondents comprised 21 directors, 34 departmental managers, and 308 administrators. The study used a simple random method to sample the directors, departmental managers, and administrators. In the determination of the sample size, the study used Kothari's (2004) formula to select the 17 directors, 25 departmental managers, and 73 administrators. The study had questionnaires and interview guides to collect data from the participants. The directors were interviewed, whereas the departmental managers and administrators answered questionnaires. A pre-test study was undertaken in Machakos County Government. The study considered three types of validity, which were content, construct, and criterion. Cronbach's alpha was one of the methods of internal consistency that examined reliability. Notably, complete questionnaires were coded into SPSS version 26. Various descriptive statistics, like frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, were derived. Inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation were analyzed to test the hypothesis, whereas the linear regression analysis including was provided. The regression coefficient for strategic leadership is 0.261. Further, the results indicate that all the variables had a significance value of less than 0.05 and a T-statistic of more than 2, meaning that strategic plan implementation variables were statistically significant. The study concluded that, the county leadership of Kitui had provided a suitable environment that supported learning and development among its staff. This was to improve their knowledge on the vision, mission, public policy, and get acquainted with various changing county operations. To improve the effectiveness of strategic leadership, the departmental directors should consider empowering communication policies that define horizontal and vertical communication structure.Item Effect of Digitizing Operations on Organizational Performance of Marsabit County Government, Kenya(Journal of Strategic Management, 2025-07) Boru, Kosi Wako; Nancy, Rintari; Fredrick, MuteaThe purpose of the study was to examine the effect of digitizing operations on the organizational performance of Marsabit County Government, Kenya. The research design that was specifically adopted in the study was a descriptive. The target population included 84 managers and 512 officers in the Marsabit County government. The study used a simple random sampling technique to identify and sample 69 managers and 220 officers in the study. The departmental managers answered both closed- and open-ended questionnaires, whereas the officers answered the closed-ended questionnaires. A pilot study was done in the Samburu County government. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done through SPSS, whereby frequency, percentages, and mean represented descriptive analysis, while Pearson correlation, model summary, analysis of variance, and regression coefficients represented the inferential analysis. It was noted that digitization within the county’s operations improved structured decision-making that was supported by facts and which motivated the staff to align with departmental objectives. As a result, enhanced efficiency and strategic direction were fostered within the county government. However, cyber insecurity concerns, lack of management’s reliance on data to make decisions, and persistent traditional approaches to arriving at a consensus were notable gaps that slowed down the complete digital transformations in the Marsabit County government. Cyber insecurity concerns, lack of management’s reliance on data to make decisions, and persistent traditional approaches to arriving at a consensus were notable gaps that slowed down the complete digital transformations in the Marsabit County government. The study’s recommendations on digitizing operations are that the county’s management should increase various investments and funding to provide a stable and secure technological infrastructural foundation. This could include funding training on cybersecurity for county staff and procuring firewalls and encryption infrastructure. The study also recommends that the county leadership should support capacity-building programs that aim at improving data analysis skills in tandem with the encouragement of evidence-based decisions. Furthermore, policy development is recommended to the strategic management team to make it a rule that allows data to be the focal foundation for making decisions by the management.Item The Influence of Organizational Culture on Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Samburu County, Kenya(Journal of Strategic Management, 2025-08) Brenda, Lalampaa Senewa; Felix, Chesigor; Ruth, KanyaruThe purpose of the study was to examine the influence of organizational culture on the performance of non-governmental organizations in Samburu County, Kenya. A descriptive research design was adopted in the study. The target population included 84 NGOs in Samburu County, where the respondents were 92 directors, 146 operations managers, and 202 program coordinators. The study collected data using closed- and open-ended questionnaires from the respondents and also secondary data to measure performance. Furthermore, the Nassiuma formula was used to obtain a sample size of 66 directors, 89 operations managers, and 107 program coordinators who were selected using a simple random method. A pilot study was conducted in Laikipia County, whereby 8 NGOs were sampled using a simple random method. In regard to descriptive analysis, the study provided frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. In regard to linear regression, the study provided a model summary, ANOVA, and the regression coefficient of the model through multivariate regression. The findings of the questionnaire indicated that the majority of the participants, 119 (53%), strongly agreed, and 87 (39%) agreed (mean of 4.32 and a standard deviation of 0.80), that diversity of staff was encouraged in the NGOs. Nevertheless, 110 (49%) strongly disagreed and 91 (40%) disagreed (mean of 2.61 and standard deviation of 1.65) that open communication was encouraged to enable quick, informed, and reliable decision-making. The coefficient for the constant is 15.413; organizational culture is 0.251. The results mean that when one unit of organizational culture was added, it increased the performance by 0.251. It is also notable that since the significance values were < 0.05 and the t-statistic > 2, the organizational culture was considered significant towards improving the performance of NGOs. Based on the results, it was evident that most NGOs ensured that there was staff diversity in their scope of operations. The conclusion that was made on organizational culture was that there was workforce diversity that allowed collective sharing of ideas, founded on work values. Nevertheless, internal communication was noted to be ineffective, thereby causing a slow decision-making process in the NGOs. The main reason was due to an increase in bureaucracy by the management. The study recommends that the management develop structural policies that will determine the flow of information from the management to the staff. Basic infrastructure to facilitate the flow of information should be supported by the management for effectiveness. Additionally, the study recommends that the management should also develop timelines for making decisions within the NGOs.Item Determining the Influence of Teacher Motivation on Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Masinga Sub- County, Kenya(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING, MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS), 2025-07) Nzivo, Mwende Junesther; Lucy, Ikiara; Johnson, IkiuguPurpose: This research examined how teacher motivation affects academic performance in public secondary schools within Masinga Sub-County, Kenya. The study developed a theoretical model to explain differences in stakeholder perceptions regarding motivation effectiveness. Methodology: The research utilized a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach involving 364 participants comprising 7 principals, 83 teachers, and 274 students from 25 public secondary schools. Stratified purposive sampling-maintained representation across different school categories. Data gathering employed validated questionnaires demonstrating strong reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.903-0.907) alongside semi-structured interviews. Power analysis verified sample adequacy for detecting medium effect sizes (d = 0.5) with 80% statistical power. Data analysis incorporated descriptive statistics, Independent Samples t-tests with effect size calculations, multiple regression modeling, and thematic analysis achieving high inter-rater reliability (κ = 0.85). Results: Professional development demonstrated universal acceptance (73.5% teacher, 56.2% student consensus), whereas considerable perception disparities emerged for reward mechanisms and welfare initiatives. Teacher welfare exhibited the most substantial perception differences (teachers: M = 4.56, students: M = 3.92; t(91) = 4.54, p < 0.001, d = 1.02). Multiple regression demonstrated that motivation variables accounted for 34% of academic performance variation (R2 = 0.34, F(3,359) = 62.1, p < 0.001), with professional development serving as the primary predictor (β = 0.42). Qualitative findings identified implementation inconsistencies and communication breakdowns as fundamental sources of perception differences. Conclusions and Recommendations: This investigation presents the “Stakeholder Perception Alignment Model,” illustrating how motivation transparency and communication quality affect stakeholder consensus. Results indicate that motivation approaches require effective execution combined with clear communication channels to maximize effectiveness. Recommendations encompass creating standardized motivation frameworks, improving stakeholder communication systems, and emphasizing universally appreciated professional development opportunities. This research advances Self-Determination Theory by showing how environmental factors influence motivation effectiveness within resource-limited settings.