Kenya Methodist University crestKENYA METHODIST UNIVERSITYDigital Repository
 

Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://41.89.31.6:4000/handle/123456789/313

Welcome to Journal articles community

Browse

End date: 2019Subject: search.filters.subject.HIV

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Prevalence of CCR2 gene polymorphisms among HIV infected individuals from different regions in Kenya
    (IJPP, 2012-07) Wachira, Dorcas; Khamadi, Samoel; Wamachi, Alex; Mueke, Jones; Ng'ang'a, Zipporah; Maraka, Moureen
    Chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) is a co-receptor for the entry of human immunodeficiency virus- I (HIV-I) into the target cells. Patients with the CCR2 mutations may progress to AIDS at least 2-4 years later than individuals carrying the normal gene. A G-to-A transition at position 190 characterizes the CCR2-64I mutation. This mutation has been identified as an important factor for delaying progression to AIDS. The effect of CCR2 polymorphism on HIV-1 disease progression has not been explored in depth within Africa. The status of CCR2 gene polymorphisms among HIV infected individuals in the Kenyan population is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the existence and distribution of CCR2 gene mutations and to identify the different polymorphic groups of the co-receptor gene among HIV infected individuals in the Kenyan population.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Factors Influencing the Utilization of Zidovudine and Nevirapine among HIV Positive Perinatal Women at Pumwani Maternity Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya.
    (IJPP, 2014-01) Imbaya, Christopher L.; Odhiambo-Otieno, George W.; Okello-Agina, B.M.
    Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a key strategy aimed at protecting babies from being infected with HIV by their mothers. Treatment with combination rather than single Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs has been found to be more effective in PMTCT. The objectives of this study were: 1. to determine the rates of utilization of single drug and combinations of Zidovudine (AZT) and Nevirapine (NVP) for PMTCT and 2. To determine the factors that influence the choice of treatment among HIV positive perinatal women at Pumwani Maternity Hospital (PMH) in Nairobi, Kenya. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study site was Pumwani Maternity Hospital, which is a public health facility on the eastern suburbs of Nairobi County. A total of 326 post natalHIV Positive women were sampled and administered with questionnaires either at the Postnatal Clinic (PNC) or postnatal ward in Pumwani Maternity Hospital. Among the 326 HIV positive women, 299(91.7%) acknowledged having been given ARV's for PMTCT where 160(53.5%) and 139(46.5%) of them were given single and combination drug treatments respectively. Single dose NVP was used by 132(44.1 %) of the women while AZT alone was prescribed in 28(9.4%) of the women. The other 139 (46.5%) of the women received a combination of NVP and AZT. The frequency of Antenatal Clinic (ANC) visits was significantly related to the number of ARV's dispensed (p=0.001). Late ANC attendance and health problems were given as reasons why AZT was not dispensed while the main reason that was cited for NVP not being used was the lack of its availability. More than half of the HIV positive women delivering at PMH received single drug PMTCT. Availing combination PMTCT therapy should be enhanced. Success could be realized by encouraging frequent ANC attendance, availing alternative ARV treatment options and addressing health conditions that contribute to the use of monotherapy.