Journal Articles
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Item Adoption of Paperless Communication in Promoting Environmental Sustainability: Insights from Marsabit County Teaching & Referral Hospital, Kenya(Journal of Information and Technology, 2025-09) Diba, Bilinga Kosi; Paul, Gichohi Maku; Edith, MurugiThis study examined the adoption of paperless communication as an eco-friendly practice for promoting environmental sustainability at Marsabit County Teaching and Referral Hospital (MCTRH), Kenya. The study is guided by the Green Information Technology (Green IT) Theory, which emphasizes sustainable ICT practices across their life cycle to promote eco- friendly digital records management and environmental sustainability. A descriptive survey design was employed, targeting hospital staff. Structured questionnaires were administered to 117 respondents, supplemented with key informant interviews picked using stratified random and purposive sampling, respectively, that ensured representation across departments. Validity of the instruments was established through expert review, while reliability was confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha values above 0.7. Ethical approval was granted, and informed consent was obtained from participants. Out of the 117 targeted respondents, 114 returned completed questionnaires, yielding a 97% response rate. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations), while qualitative insights were thematically analyzed. The results show that respondents strongly acknowledged the role of paperless communication in reducing paper usage, streamlining workflows, and enhancing accessibility. Nevertheless, challenges such as limited ICT infrastructure, inadequate digital literacy, and unstable internet connectivity were identified as barriers to effective adoption. These findings corroborate recent studies highlighting that digital tools reduce environmental footprints while improving operational efficiency. The study concludes that paperless communication holds significant potential for advancing environmental sustainability at MCTRH but requires deliberate support. It recommends the hospital administration to prioritize ICT infrastructure investments, institutionalize policies on paperless communication, and provide regular staff training. Such efforts would enhance both operational efficiency and environmental sustainability outcomes.Item Influence of Industrial Engagement on Development of Employability skills of TVET Graduates in Meru County((IJPP) International Journal of Professional Practice, 2024) Lucy, Mutembei Ndumba; Tarsilla, Kibaara; Paul, Gichohi MakuDevelopment of employability skills among TVET graduates increases their employability. However, despite reforms in TVET education in Kenya, Meru County continue to grapple with high unemployment rates among TVET graduates due to skills gap. This research aimed to establish the influence of industrial engagement on development of employability skills of TVET graduates in Meru County, Kenya. The Knight and Yorke Theory of Employability and Human Capital Theory informed the study. A sample size of 6 TVET institutions, 142 TVET trainees, 12 trainers, 72 graduates, 12 HoDs, and 6 Principals and 5 Key Informants were selected for this study. Simple random sampling, census sampling, purposive sampling, stratified sampling and referral sampling techniques were used to select participants. The study adopted a mixed-research approach, and used convergent parallel research design. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data. The quality of data collection tools was assured by checking their validity and reliability. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to quantitative data and themes were generated from qualitative data. The study established a significant relationship between industrial engagement and development of employability skills. The study underscores the need for TVETs to strengthen partnerships with industries to enhance development of employability skills. The study concluded that there exists a skill mismatch in TVET graduates. The study recommended TVETs in Meru County, and Kenya at large, to embrace dual apprenticeship system which integrates school-based and work-based learning. The study further recommended TVET institutions to have elaborate connections and partnerships with industries in order ease the burden of looking for attachments, internships and apprenticeship by trainees.Item Teaching-Learning Resources and Employability Skills Development of TVET Graduates in Meru County(Journal of Education, 2024-07) Lucy, Mutembei Ndumba; Tarsilla, Kibaara; Paul, Gichohi MakuTVET training requires adequate modern teaching-learning resources in order in the process of preparing graduates who match the industry's needs. Despite equipping TVETs with modern tools and equipment, the employability of TVET graduates remains low in Kenya including in Meru County. It is against this backdrop that the current study was carried out, investigating the influence of teaching- learning resources on development of employability skills of TVET graduates in Meru County. The Knight and Yorke Theory of Employability and Human Capital Theory informed the study. It was anchored on pragmatism philosophy, adopted a mixed-research approach, and used a convergent parallel research design. The target population comprised trainees, trainers, graduates, heads of departments (HoDs), principals, and key informants. The sample size of the study was 6 TVET institutions, 142 trainees, 12 trainers, 72 graduates, 12 HoDs, 6 Principals, and 5 Key Informants. Simple random sampling, census sampling, purposive sampling, stratified sampling, and referral sampling were used to select the participants. Questionnaires were administered to trainees, trainers, and graduates while interview guides were administered to Principals, HoDs, and Key Informants. Pre- testing was conducted to check the reliability and validity of the instruments. The study showed that teaching-learning resources had a moderate influence on development of employability skills. Moreover, it established that TVETs in Meru County lacked modern teaching-learning resources essential for instructional delivery and facilitation of hands-on learning that allow graduates to acquire practical skills relevant to the industries. The study recommends government to equip TVETs with adequate, relevant, and modern teaching-learning resources which are key in developing graduate employability skills aligned to the industry needs. The study further recommends that TVET management emphasize real-world simulations and practical training. The study advocates for enhanced government investment in modern instructional resources to better align graduate skills with industry needs.Item Influence of Standardised Knowledge Sharing Practices on Organisational Decision-Making at the Norwegian Refugee Council(Journal of Information and Technology, 2025-09) Abdifatah, Abdi Ali; Julie, Kiarie; Paul, Gichohi MakuNorwegian Refugee Council Somalia experiences 50% longer emergency response times than sector standards, with decision-making delays directly impacting 1.2 million beneficiaries due to deteriorated knowledge-sharing systems where 40% of sharing attempts fail. This study investigated how standardised knowledge-sharing practices influence organizational decision- making effectiveness at NRC Somalia. Guided by Social Exchange Theory, Social Capital Theory, and Information Processing Theory, the research examined systematic knowledge exchange mechanisms' impact on decision outcomes. The study was conducted at NRC Somalia offices in Mogadishu, South Central Somalia, Puntland, and Somaliland using a cross- sectional survey design. The target population comprised 100 staff across five organizational levels. Census sampling eliminated sampling error. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires, achieving 89% response rate (n=89), semi-structured interviews with 18 key informants, and 67 organizational documents. Content validity was established through expert review, and reliability through Cronbach's alpha (α>0.70). Analysis employed descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation using SPSS v27. Findings revealed that only 14.6% agreed that tracking mechanisms existed, 28.1% confirmed effective digital platform utilization, while 57.3% reported delayed critical decisions, and 66.3% experienced bureaucratic delays. Correlation analysis demonstrated a strong positive relationship between knowledge sharing and decision-making effectiveness (r=.72, p<.001). The study concludes that informal WhatsApp networks compensate for failed formal systems while hierarchical filtering prevents critical knowledge from reaching decision-makers. Recommendations include: NRC management implementing unified mobile-optimized platforms; IT department establishing direct field-to-management channels; operations unit developing security-compliant protocols; monitoring unit creating tracking mechanisms; HR streamlining decision protocols. The study's novelty lies in quantifying knowledge sharing's predictive power in humanitarian contexts, demonstrating that addressing sharing deficiencies could improve decision-making effectiveness by 52%, ultimately enhancing humanitarian response capabilities for vulnerable populations.Item Influence of non-teaching staff’s idea Sustainability on service delivery in Secondary schools: a study of Embu County, Kenya(African Journal of Emerging Issues (AJOEI)., 2025-08) George, Mbijiwe Mungeera; Paul, Gichohi Maku; Severina, MwirichiaPurpose: The study sought to examine the influence of idea sustainability by non-teaching staff on service delivery in secondary schools in Embu County, Kenya. The investigation was guided by the Modified Quantitative Service Delivery Theory and addressed the persistent challenges of poor service delivery despite the critical role of non-teaching staff in school operations. Methodology: The study used a mixed-methods cross-sectional survey targeting 2,219 participants, with 337 sampled through stratified and systematic sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions, with validity confirmed and reliability at α = 0.895. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and through Pearson correlation, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Results: The findings revealed a statistically significant and moderate positive relationship between idea sustainability and service delivery (r = .527, p < 0.01). However, overall levels of idea sustainability were low, hindered by lack of managerial support, inadequate recognition, resource constraints, poor communication, and insufficient capacity building. Schools with higher levels of idea sustainability recorded better service delivery outcomes, including responsiveness to complaints, reduced sluggishness, and improved stakeholder satisfaction. Conclusion: Sustaining viable ideas from non-teaching staff significantly improves service delivery in secondary schools but remains low due to leadership, resource, and motivation gaps. Recommendations: Secondary schools should institutionalize inclusive leadership, establish innovation oversight structures, enhance capacity building, introduce robust recognition systems, allocate sufficient resources, and promote a culture that tolerates experimentation.Item The Influence of Idea Generation by Non-Teaching Staff on Service Delivery in Secondary Schools in Embu County((IJPP) International Journal of Professional Practice, 2025) George, Mbijiwe Mungeera; Severina, Mwirichia; Paul, Gichohi MakuThe engagement of the non-teaching staff in secondary schools is expected to contribute to effective service delivery. However, in Kenyan secondary schools, poor service delivery continues to be reported despite the critical role the non-teaching staff play in school development. The main focus of the study was on the effect of idea generation by the non-teaching staff on service delivery in secondary schools in Embu County. Adopting a cross-sectional survey research design, and grounded on pragmatist philosophy, the study employed a mixed-methods approach. The target population included 1,803 non-teaching staff, 208 principals, and 208 Board of Management (BoM) chairpersons. Stratified and proportionate systematic sampling ensured representative selection across school categories and sub-counties. A sample size of 337 respondents was achieved with 10 principals selected from 5 sub-counties, 10 BoM chairs from 5 sub-counties and 317 non-teaching staff from 140 secondary schools. The study utilized questionnaire tools on the non-teaching staff, an interview guide on principals and focused group discussions for the BoMs. Validity and reliability of the instruments were confirmed through construct, content, and face validity, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), and correlation analysis for quantitative data; and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Results were presented using tables, and themes. The results indicated that idea generation was low with key barriers including fear and intimidation, poor communication channels, lack of confidence and low self-esteem, lack of opportunities and platforms, and resource constraints. However, drivers such as effective communication, inclusive leadership, recognition, collaborative leadership, regular staff development forums and training emerged as essential for fostering innovative work behaviour, trickling down to enhanced service delivery by non-teaching staff. The study concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between idea generation and service delivery in secondary schools in Embu County. The study recommends that school management, led by principals and supported by Boards of Management (BoM), establish structured and inclusive platforms for harnessing idea generation among non-teaching staff in secondary schools.