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Item Assessing Factors Hindering Effectiveness of Family MUAC Program on Nutrition Surveillance and Early Detection of Malnutrition Cases Among Children Aged 6-59 Months in Banisa Sub County(Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health,, 2024-06) Saida Roble Hassan; Masinde, Lily; Mugambi, LawrenceThe Family MUAC Program, which trains mothers and caregivers to use a Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) tape to detect malnutrition in children, has improved nutrition surveillance and early detection of malnourished children. This study assessed the factors hindering the effectiveness of family MUAC programs on nutrition surveillance and detection of malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in Banisa Sub-County, Mandera County. The study objectives were to assess the influence of mothers' characteristics and socio-economic factors on nutrition surveillance and early detection of malnutrition cases. The study was guided by Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT) and adopted a descriptive correlation research design. The target population was 293 mothers from Banisa Sub-County, and the sample size was determined through the census method. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides and analyzed using SPSS version 26. The response rate was 89% (209 out of 236). The findings showed a positive relationship between socioeconomic factors and the effectiveness of family MUAC programs (r(204) = .232, p = .001). On the contrary, there was no significant influence between mothers’ characteristics factors and MUAC programs (r(204) = .030, p = .489). The study recommendations and conclusion aimed at exploring the feasibility and accuracy of incorporating MUAC measurements into family-based programs for detecting and addressing malnutrition, providing valuable insights into the implementation and efficacy of MUAC-based screening initiatives in community settings.Item Influence of Maternal Knowledge and Skills on Mixed Feeding Practices among Infants below 6 Months in Wajir County(Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health., 2023-11) Ibrahim, Khadija Mohamed; Gisemba, Beatrice; Mugambi, LawrenceWajir County is estimation to have 749 deaths of infants below 6 months every year. In 2014, information from KDHS revealed that only 32% of infants below six months are wholly breastfed, their mothers introduce other foods, that is, weans their children instead of exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the how the mother/caregiver’s knowledge and skills influenced mixed feeding practices among infants below 6 months. The study adopted a descriptive cross- sectional study design in data collection through a quantitative approach, and the study target population comprised all the 802 mothers with infants below six months from which a sample size of 260 respondents was drawn. The data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. It was found that overall, the caregivers’ knowledge of all the mixed feeding indicators for a child with normal nutrition status was low. The knowledge was particularly low on continued breastfeeding, minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity, and on how to feed a child during illness. Knowledge score at the time of introduction to mixed feeding and on giving vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables was however high. It was recommended that the county Department of Health of Wajir, through the nutrition unit, needs to scale up Social Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) on mixed feeding targeting caregivers of children below 6 months of age with appropriate MIYCN information. The primary focus should be on continued breastfeeding, minimum meal frequency, and minimum dietary diversityItem INFLUENCE OF DIETARY INTAKES, ‘WASH’ AND DIARRHEAL MORBIDITY ON STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN BELOW FIVE YEARS IN NAKURU COUNTY: A CASE STUDY OF KAPTEMBWO AND MILIMANI, KENYA(European Journal of Fitness, Nutrition and Sport Medicine Studies, 2020) Ayienda, Daniel Matoke; Muthuka, J. Kyalo; Mapesa, Job O; Mugambi, Lawrence; Kiplagat, Eglah J.Stunting is the most prevalent and pervasive form of under nutrition worldwide. In 2019, an estimate of 144 million (21.3%) of children under the age of 5 years are stunted globally. In sub-Saharan Africa, 34% of children fewer than 5 years are stunted and the burden of stunting is most prevalent in the Eastern Africa region with 37% (FAO, 2017). In Kenya, out of a total of 7 million under 5 years, 1.82 million (26%) children are suffering from stunting; out of which 11.4% are severely stunted. Stunting is associated with greater risk of death from infectious diseases in childhood, poorer cognition, poorer educational outcomes and lower adult earnings. The study population was a total of 314 children aged 0-59 months. Data was collected using survey CTO questionnaire. Use of pesticides, hygiene practices and sanitation (human waste disposal), hand washing practices, water sources and means of water treatment were examined and adequately described in relation to EED and stunting. Survey CTO programme was installed in tablets and or smart phones, in which a questionnaire with closed ended questions was programmed and used to collect a no-paper work data. The Survey CTO programmed questionnaire only allowed the researcher to key in a response for one question before moving to the next question. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS while regression was done using STATA. There was no significant difference in dietary intakes between children in Kaptembwo and Milimani, and that the dietary intakes in both Milimani and Kaptembwo were adequate and balanced. Out of 202 children sampled in Kaptembwo, 40.59% had experienced diarrhea in the last four weeks to data collection while out of 112 children sampled in Milimani, only 17% had experienced diarrhea in the last four weeks. In spite of the same dietary intakes in Kaptembwo and Milimani, stunting is high in Kaptembwo than in Milimani. Out of a total of 314 children sampled, 25% were stunted in Kaptembwo, while only 3.33% were stunted in Milimani. Diarrhea increases loss of dietary nutrients thereby making the nutrients required for growth inadequate. High level of stunting in Kaptembwo is associated with poor environmental conditions (poor sanitation and hygiene) which contribute to diarrhea. Diarrhea could be key contributor to Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED), which is too a contributor to stunting. It is recommended that residents of Kaptembwo and Milimani are educated on the importance of good sanitation and hygiene in order to curb diarrhea, which is a contributor to the development of EED. In the same spirit, understand the importance of proper use of pesticides. Experimental research was done in the same area involving the use of biological markers for EED.Item Relationship between compliance to of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation and Anemia among Pregnant Women in Nyeri County, Kenya(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2020-11) Ng’ethe, Henry Mburu; Mapesa, Job; Mugambi, LawrenceFolate deficiency has been associated with abnormalities in both mothers and fetuses. This study therefore sought to determine the prevalence of non-compliance with IFAS among pregnant women and to determine if IFAS non-compliance influences anemia in Nyeri County, Kenya. This was a mixed methods study. Pregnant women attending antenatal care in level 4 and level 5 facilities were targeted. A sample of 385 respondents was calculated using modified formulae by Fisher. Questionnaires were used to collect information form the expectant mothers. The mean age was 31 years. The mean income was KES 50,912.Majority (64%) of respondents lived in rural areas. Majority (56%) of the respondents in the study indicated that they had at one time forgotten to take their IFAS supplements. Majority (55%) of the participants had hemoglobin levels of between 121 g/l and 150 g/l while 37% of the participants had hemoglobin levels of below 120 g/l. Chi-square tests showed a significant relationship (p=0.018) between compliance to IFAS and prevalence of Anemia. The study concluded that increasing prevalence of anemia among pregnant women can be attributed to the high prevalence of non-compliance among pregnant women in Nyeri County. Pregnant women should therefore be sensitized on the importance of complying with iron and folic acid supplements.