School of Education and Social Sciences

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INFLUENCE OF SELECTED PSYCHOSOCIAL CHALLENGES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG FIRST YEAR STUDENTS IN KENYATTA UNIVERSITY, NAIROBI COUNTY
(International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2021-08) Muthuuri, Julia Gakii; Kaaria, Zipporah; Makila, Leunita Makutsa
University students face numerous psychosocial challenges that contribute to poor academic performance. The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of selected psychosocial challenges on academic performance of first year students in Kenyatta University. The study was guided by three objectives: to examine the influence of relational factors on academic performance of first year students in Kenyatta University, to determine the influence of emotional stability on academic performance and to identify strategies that can be used to help the first year students to overcome psychosocial challenges affecting their academic performance. The study was guided by Social Learning Theory and Cognitive Behavioral Theory. The study adopted descriptive survey design, stratified sampling techniques were used to select 560 students’ respondents from target population which were first year students at Kenyatta University. Data were gathered utilizing an interview and questionnaire routine. The study used descriptive to analyze the questionnaire and the interview guide while the multiple linear regression model was used to analyze quantative date with the aid of SPSS. The findings of the study were presented in tables and pie charts. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and presented verbatim as per the objectives of the study. Validity was ensured by using standard data collection tool and method hence ensuring that data obtained represent variable of the study. A pilot study was performed to identify and identify any issues not readily understood or poorly built. The study used the test-retest-method to ensure reliability. The study found that first-year students face multiple difficulties concerning relational and emotional issues. Some of the most common problems in the study were time, workload and expectations for the two cohorts, balancing relationships with peers, meeting academic performance expectations, freedom of choice in course selection and personal inhibitions such as feelings of loneliness and depression among others. The study further found that based on the selected psychosocial challenges affecting the academic performance of first-year students in Kenyatta University, interventions addressing these issues had already been put in place and they include: Often psychological and evaluations, time-bound treatment, emotional support, personal development groups or references to external psychological services, are the student counseling services given. Social integration has been utilized to help solitude and relationship difficulties. This is done by encouraging students to engage in any academic, cultural and sporting activities. The university also offers orientation programs for students joining the university. The institution provides a culture of university and also gives the students advice concerning the university. To enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the programs in place, the University has taken measures to widen the scope of their focus in future by providing programs during the orientation week for first year’s students to get to know each other
Preretirement Preparation Influence on Adjustment of Retirees: A Case of Ministry of Industry, Trade and Cooperatives, Nairobi County
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE, 2020-08) Akinyi, Odera Jenipher; Kaaria, Zipporah; Makila, Leunita Makutsa
Retirement occurs when one leaves formal employment to other engagement that may not be part of their previous work. It can also be seen as cessation of one stage of life to a new one. Most studies have concentrated on allocation and disbursement of pensions and the experiences of the retirees. Few studies have identified psychosocial factors that influence the adjustment of retirees from civil service in Kenya. The focus of the study was on the retirees of MITC. The study’s purpose was to establish the extent to which preretirement preparations influence adjustment of the retirees. The study was based on continuity theory, Jahoda’s latent Deprivation model and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Descriptive research design was applied using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study established that the retirees from MITC were of the view that the Ministry did not do enough to facilitate various supportive programs that would have enabled them adequately plan and prepare for their retirement.
Influence of Peer Pressure on Deviant Behaviors among Male Prisoners in Kiambu County
(AJSSE Journals, 2020) Gicharu, John Mathigu; Kaaria, Zipporah K.; Makila, Leunita Makutsa
The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of peer pressure on deviant behaviours among male prisoners in Kiambu County. The study was anchored on three theories namely: Deprivation Theory, Social Control Theory and Importation Theory. Descriptive research design was used to guide the study. Purposive sampling was used to select 283 prisoners in Kiambu County who had been in jail for more than 15 years and 6 prison superintendent officers. Data was collected using questionnaires and later tested to ensure that the responses are valid and reliable. It was established that lack of social affiliations within prison led to more harm to prisoners. The finding showed that, peer associates had a great influence on the lifestyle of their members and that guidance and counselling helped in reducing criminal activities in prison. In prison, peer pressure was a dominant cause of deviant behaviour. Peer pressure was a strong denominator among the determinants of adulthood crime. Deviant peers accepted and accommodated each other. Opinions of other inmates encouraged the prisoners to participate in deviant behaviours. Accessibility of drugs and alcohol from peers led to criminal activities and that that peers in prison helped in socialization with codes to adopt. Lastly, it was established that it was difficult to restrain from opinions of their group peers while in the prison. It was concluded that lack of social affiliations within prison led to more harm to prisoners and peer associates had a great role to play in members’ lifestyle. It was recommended that the authority should ensure that social affiliations are available within prison to reduce more harm to prisoners. Peer associates need to be of good influence as their lifestyles have a great impact on its members.

School of Education and Social Sciences

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