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School of Business and Economics

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Welcome to School of Business and Economics collection.This collection contains Journal articles published by faculty affiliated to the school.

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    Effect of Democratic Leadership on Organizational Performance of Level Four and Five Public Hospitals in Isiolo County, Kenya
    (Journal of Strategic Management, 2025-07) Abdi, Wario; Nancy, Rintari; Paul, Kirigia
    The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of democratic leadership on organizational performance of level four and five public hospitals in Isiolo County, Kenya. The study adopted correlational research and targeted Isiolo County referral hospital, Garbatulla hospital and Merti hospital in Isiolo County. The respondents included 3 medical superintendents, 29 departmental heads, 62 health care staff, and 38 operations staff. The medical superintendents and departmental heads were sampled using purposive sampling method, whereas the staff were sampled using simple random method. The questionnaires were administered to the staff, while interviews were conducted on the management. A pilot study was conducted in Marsabit county hospital and reliability tested through Cronbach Alpha coefficient. Complete questionnaire’s data were coded into SPSS version 25 for the analysis of both descriptive and inferential statistics. It is thus noted that with regards to democratic leadership, public hospitals had ensured that there were strong systems that were supported by employee innovations and collaborations between the management and staff. However, the communication pattern between the management and other stakeholders was found to be limited. The study recommends that the county government leadership, should develop strategic policies that will guide on the interactions of hospital’s management with internal and external stakeholders more effectively. This could be informed by the constitution and existing MOH guidelines.
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    The Role of Financial Literacy on Financial Inclusion of Women in Isiolo County, Kenya.
    (International Journal of Finance, 2025-07) Constance, Mwaro; Fredrick, Mutea; Kenneth, Mugambi
    Purpose: This study aimed to investigate how knowledge and understanding of financial concepts, such as budgeting, saving, borrowing, and digital banking, influence the ability of women in Isiolo County, Kenya, to access and effectively use formal financial services. Methodology: This study used a descriptive design to examine 279 women entrepreneurs from a population of 920 in Isiolo County, selected via proportionate random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. The study used for descriptive and multiple regression analysis. Diagnostic tests confirmed data suitability for regression analysis. Results: The study found a statistically significant positive relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion among women in Isiolo County. A correlation coefficient of 0.487 indicated a moderate positive link, while an R-squared of 0.237 showed that financial literacy explained 23.7% of the variance in financial inclusion. The regression coefficient (B = 0.558) revealed that each unit increase in financial literacy led to a 0.558-unit rise in financial inclusion. The model was significant (F = 72.345, p < 0.05). Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: This study offers valuable insights into how financial literacy drives women’s financial inclusion, particularly in underserved communities. It strengthens Financial Literacy Theory by demonstrating that women with financial knowledge, budgeting skills, and confidence are better positioned to engage with formal financial services. At the policy level, it encourages institutions like the Central Bank of Kenya and Women Enterprise Fund to incorporate tailored, gender-sensitive financial education into development initiatives. Practically, it advocates for targeted training by financial institutions and NGOs on key topics such as digital banking, credit, savings, and budgeting. To enhance reach, mobile learning and peer-based education are recommended, especially for low-literacy populations. The co-design of user-friendly financial products with local women is also emphasized to improve accessibility and impact.
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    THE EFFECT OF AGENCY CONVENIENCE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN ISIOLO COUNTY, KENYA
    (The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management., 2024-08-02) Nancy, Rintari; Amina Abdi, Dulacha; Susan, Kambura
    The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of agency convenience on financial performance of commercial banks in Isiolo County, Kenya. A descriptive survey research design was used, targeting Cooperative Bank, KCB, and Equity Bank, which control over 90% of authorized banking agents in the region. The target population included 102 staff in Equity bank, 123 staff in Cooperative bank, and 80 staff in KCB bank, which was a total of 305 banks. The study adopted the Yamane’s formula (1967) to result to a sample size of 58 staff in Equity bank, 70 staff in Cooperative bank, and 45 staff in KCB bank, which was a total of 173 staff. Stratified sampling was applied to select respondents from the finance and accounts departments of these banks. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and supplemented with secondary financial data. The pilot research used a sample size of 10% for this investigation, with 17 respondents randomly selected to fill out the survey in Meru County. To ensure the data was reliable, Cronbach's alpha was applied, which measures internal consistency. The questionnaires included in this study underwent a validation process to guarantee their content and face validity, as well as to gauge their overall quality. The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between agency convenience and the financial performance of commercial banks, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.751, indicating a strong relationship. The regression analysis further confirmed that agency convenience is a crucial determinant of financial success, as evidenced by its standardized coefficient (β = 0.304) and a highly significant p-value of 0.000. The study concluded that agency convenience was a vital contributor to the financial performance of commercial banks. The study concluded that banks that prioritized and enhanced the accessibility and ease of use of their agency banking services had substantial improvements in their financial outcomes. It is imperative that bank managers prioritize the convenience of agency services. This can be achieved by expanding the network of agents to ensure that services are accessible in both urban and rural areas, as well as by leveraging digital platforms to streamline transactions and reduce wait times. Enhancing the user experience through technology will not only increase customer satisfaction but also drive higher transaction volumes, which are crucial for financial success.
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    The Effect of Agency Convenience on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Isiolo County, Kenya
    (The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2024-08-23) Dulacha, Amina Abdi; Rintari, Nancy; Kambura, Susan
    The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of agency convenience on financial performance of commercial banks in Isiolo County, Kenya. A descriptive survey research design was used, targeting Cooperative Bank, KCB, and Equity Bank, which control over 90% of authorized banking agents in the region. The target population included 102 staff in Equity bank, 123 staff in Cooperative bank, and 80 staff in KCB bank, which was a total of 305 banks. The study adopted the Yamane’s formula (1967) to result to a sample size of 58 staff in Equity bank, 70 staff in Cooperative bank, and 45 staff in KCB bank, which was a total of 173 staff. Stratified sampling was applied to select respondents from the finance and accounts departments of these banks. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and supplemented with secondary financial data. The pilot research used a sample size of 10% for this investigation, with 17 respondents randomly selected to fill out the survey in Meru County. To ensure the data was reliable, Cronbach's alpha was applied, which measures internal consistency. The questionnaires included in this study underwent a validation process to guarantee their content and face validity, as well as to gauge their overall quality. The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between agency convenience and the financial performance of commercial banks, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.751, indicating a strong relationship. The regression analysis further confirmed that agency convenience is a crucial determinant of financial success, as evidenced by its standardized coefficient (β = 0.304) and a highly significant p-value of 0.000. The study concluded that agency convenience was a vital contributor to the financial performance of commercial banks. The study concluded that banks that prioritized and enhanced the accessibility and ease of use of their agency banking services had substantial improvements in their financial outcomes. It is imperative that bank managers prioritize the convenience of agency services. This can be achieved by expanding the network of agents to ensure that services are accessible in both urban and rural areas, as well as by leveraging digital platforms to streamline transactions and reduce wait times. Enhancing the user experience through technology will not only increase customer satisfaction but also drive higher transaction volumes, which are crucial for financial success.