School of Business and Economics
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://41.89.31.6:4000/handle/123456789/320
Welcome to School of Business and Economics collection.This collection contains Journal articles published by faculty affiliated to the school.
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Item Investment in Technology Enhanced Learning and Financial Sustainability of Universities in Kenya(International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies (EBMS), 2025-07) Murugu, Humphrey Mwenda; Muema, Wilson; Omanwa, ClemencePublic and private higher education institutions in Kenya have increasingly faced challenges of financial unsustainability in recent years. Achieving financial sustainability requires institutions to secure regular and reliable internally generated funds to support their operations. In the context of dwindling government funding, escalating operational costs, rising debts, and deteriorating infrastructure, universities are under mounting pressure to identify and implement alternative income-generating strategies while preserving academic quality and institutional viability.This study evaluated the influence of financial resource mobilization strategies on the financial sustainability of universities in Kenya. Specifically, the research examined the impact of investment in technology-enhanced learning on financial sustainability. The study was supported and anchored on Resource Dependency Theory. Using Yamane formula ,a sample of 64 universities comprising of 34 public and 30 private Universities was drawn from a population of 76 chartered universities in Kenya as of December 31, 2022. Stratified sampling ensured proportional representation. Primary data was collected from 290 senior university officers through structured, self-administered questionnaires. Instrument reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient exceeding 0.9, surpassing the 0.7 threshold. Secondary data were obtained from university reports and audited financial statements covering the period 2018–2022.Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics, with hypothesis testing conducted using binary logistic regression at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). Chi-square analysis was used to determine the association between technology enhanced learning and financial sustainability in the Kenyan Universities The study found a significant association between technology enhanced learning and financial sustainability in the Kenyan Universities at the 5% level (P < 0.05).As shown by the Nagelkerke R Square percentages, Investment in Technology enhanced learning account for 71.2% of the variation, confirming its importance as a key driver of financial sustainability.From the findings of multivariate regression analysis, it was clear that Investment in Technology enhanced learning is significantly associated with financial sustainability (P = 0.002). If significant investment in technology enhanced learning is in place universities in Kenya are 6.343 times more likely to achieve financial sustainability (OR = 6.343) compared to those that do not invest in technology enhanced learningItem Project Appraisal and Financial Performance in Public Universities, Kenya(THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT, 2024) Karigi, Richard Nganga; Omanwa, Clemence; Cherono, VivianKenya's public institutions have had poor financial performance for a number of years, which has resulted in campus closures and an ever-increasing backlog of unpaid debts. Universities have had difficulty recruiting enough faculty members to meet the demand for their programs. The study aimed to determine the relationship between project appraisal and financial performance of the Public Universities in Kenya. The study adopted a correlational research design, and the target population was the public universities in Kenya with a purposive sample of 155 managers selected from three categories of universities according to their age and when they were chartered. The primary data was collected using questionnaires, and secondary data was collected using an Excel schedule and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The correlation findings indicated that project appraisal had a positive and significant relationship with financial performance (r = .626, p = .000<.05). The R-square value of 0.392 indicated that project appraisal explains 39.2% of variations in the financial performance of public universities. Further, regression results showed that project appraisal had a positive and significant influence on financial performance (β = 0.585, p=.000<.05), implying that project appraisal significantly enhances the financial performance of public universities in Kenya. The study concluded that project appraisal contributes significantly to the enhanced financial performance of public universities. The study recommended that the management of public universities should strengthen aspects relating to project appraisal. There is a need to ensure that projects are implemented as per the contract schedule. Projects should be diligently monitored to ensure quality. Further, projects should be appraised using scientific methods to ensure that there is a constant flow of cash to finance projects according to budget.Item Procurement Process and Financial Performance in Public Universities, Kenya(THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT, 2024) Karigi, Richard Nganga; Omanwa, Clemence; Cherono, VivianThe poor financial performance of Kenya's public institutions has resulted in campus closures and an ever-increasing backlog of unpaid debts for a number of years. The academic institutions have encountered difficulties in recruiting sufficient faculty members to meet the demands of the curricula. The study aimed to establish the relationship between the procurement process and the financial performance of Public Universities in Kenya. The study adopted a correlational research design, and the target population was the public universities in Kenya with a purposive sample of 155 managers selected from three categories of universities according to their age and when they were chartered. The primary data was collected using questionnaires, and secondary data was collected using an Excel schedule and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The correlation findings indicated that the procurement process had a positive and significant relationship with financial performance (r = .674, p = .000<.05). The R-square value of 0.454 indicates that the procurement process explains 45.4% of variations in the financial performance of public universities. Regression results revealed that the procurement process had a positive and significant influence on financial performance (β = 0.589, p=.000<.05), and this implies that the procurement process significantly enhances the financial performance of public universities in Kenya. The study concluded that the procurement process contributes significantly to the enhanced financial performance of public universities. The study recommended that the management of public universities should strengthen aspects relating to the procurement process. There is a need to ensure that the quality of goods and services purchased is up to standard. There should be inspection and verification of goods and services. There is also a need to involve experts in the evaluation and awards of tenders.Item Effect of Management CompetenceonFinancial Sustainability of Community Conservancies in Northern Kenya(Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2(1), 19-27, 2022) Lekaldero, Evans Riat; Ndegwa, James; Omanwa, ClemenceThe survival and expansion of organizations all over the world depend on their capacity to maintain their financial viability. Community conservancies in Kenya struggle to survive and grow financially.This paper sought to assessthe effect of management competenceon the financial sustainability of community conservancies in Northern Kenya. The study was anchored on theagency theory. It adopted the explanatory research design and a cross-sectional approach. Primary data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicated that management competencehad a positive and significant effect on the financial sustainability of community conservancies in Kenya. The study concluded that management competencepositively contributesto enhanced financial sustainability. The study recommended that community conservancies management should strengthen aspects related to management competence. There should be a proper delegation of duties aimed at empowering employees. Managers should demonstrate the right attitude, skills,and knowledge.Item Promotion of Financial Literacy through Financial Education Partnership for Financial Inclusion in Kenya: Case of Commercial Banks(Journal of International Business, Innovation and Strategic Management, 2022) Boldar, Joseph.D,S.; Omanwa, Clemence; Baimwera, BernardThe purpose of the study was to assess the effects of financial education partnership on financial inclusion of commercial banks. The study was guided by resource-based theory to hypothesize the relationship between financial education partnership and financial inclusion. The study design adopted was descriptive and a sample of 384 was derived using stratified simple random sampling from a population of 10,717 management staff from all the branches of commercial banks in Kenya. The study collected and analyzed primary data. The data was gathered using semi-structured questionnaires. The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. Correlation and regression were applied to determine the relationship between financial education partnership and financial inclusion. The findings established that financial education partnership positively and significantly predicted financial inclusion. This implied that as financial education partnership increases then financial inclusion will be increased. The study concluded that the use of financial education partnership as financial literacy delivery channel increased financial inclusion. Commercial banks in Kenya sparring used financial education partnership. The majority used a partnership with the government to promote financial literacy by conducting workshops and conferences. The study recommended that commercial banks management should adopt aspects of financial education partnership currently not used. These include financial education sponsorship, collaborating with other financial institutions, academic institutions through organizing lectures, and being involved in a nationwide campaign to promote financial literacyItem EFFECT OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ON FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMUNITY CONSERVANCIES IN NORTHERN KENYA(African Journal of Emerging Issues, 2022-08) Lekaldero, Riat. Evans.; Ndegwa, James; Omanwa, ClemenceFinancial sustainability is critical to the survival and growth of organizations all around the world. In Kenya, community conservancies face a significant financial problem to survive and flourish. This paper sought to determine the effect of community participation on financial sustainability of community conservancies in Northern Kenya. Methodology: The study was anchored on the agency theory. It adopted the explanatory research design and a cross-sectional approach. Primary data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The findings indicated that community participation had a positive and significant effect on the financial sustainability of community conservancies in Kenya. The study concluded that community participation positively contributes to enhanced financial sustainability. Recommendations: The study recommended that community conservancies’ management should strengthen aspects related to community participation. In particular, the community should be involved in decision making process. The number of community members working in the conservancies should be increased. There should be workshops to train and create awareness to community members on the importance of conservation