School of Business and Economics
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Welcome to School of Business and Economics collection.This collection contains Journal articles published by faculty affiliated to the school.
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Item Capital as a Factor of Production and Growth of Commercial Real Estates in Machakos County, Kenya(African Journal of Emerging Issues (AJOEI)., 2022) Katiti, Augustine James; Omanwa, Clemence Niyikiza; Mwaniki, Gillian; James, NaomiPurpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of capital as a factor of production on the growth of commercial real estate in Machakos County, Kenya. In Kenya, real estate recorded a growth of 5.8% in September 2018 which was the slowest registered since 2014. Population growth rate is faster than the provision of new housing and housing infrastructure. Real estate provisions have diminished besides the government of Kenya’s commitment to provide affordable housing for the period between 2018 and 2022. Statement of the Problem: In 2018 the real estate sector in Kenya recorded its slowest annual growth in four years, giving weight to property market reports that signaled a slump in demand despite increased supply of new housing units. Research Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The target population for this study was made up of 374 registered property developers with Kenya Property Developers Association operating in Machakos County.The study used census approach to study all the 374 registered property developers. Prior to commencement of the actual study, 40 respondents from Kajiado, a neighboring county to Machakos were used in a pilot study to pre test the research instrument. The researcher triangulated both structured questionnaires and open ended interview guide to gather and saturate data from the respondents. While the interview guides were bent to gather in-depth qualitative data from the real estate agents, the structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from the respondents who develop the real estates. Both quantitative/ numerical data and qualitative/ descriptive data were collected using structured questionnaire and unstructured interview guide respectively. Qualitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while quantitative data was analyzed using inferential statistics. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for higher statistical computations. Results: The findings revealed that there was; a positive and significant relationship between capital as a factor of production and growth of commercial real estate in Machakos County, Kenya (β =0.275, p=0.000). Conclusion: Based on the findings the study concluded that investments for most commercial real estates in Machakos County, Kenya come from personal savings and equity loans from banks; interest rates have a profound effect on the value of income-producing real estate in Machakos County, Kenya just like they do on any other investment. Recommendation: The study therefore recommended that commercial real estate developers in Machakos County needed to mobilize large amounts of private capital from either primary or secondary market in order to start tackling its unmet housing demand. Growing the size and reach of the mortgage market is part of the solution for the upper and middle income urban segments of the population. Mortgages alone cannot be the only hope to satisfy the entire housing demand. Solutions were also required for lower income groups in the form of housing microfinance, rental frameworks and financing for self-construction, especially on an incremental basis.Item Influence of Land as Factor of Production on Growth of Commercial Real Estates in Machakos County(Journal of Entrepreneurship & Project Management, 2020-07) Katiti, Augustine James; Omanwa, Clemence Niyikiza; Mwaniki, Gillian; James, NaomiThere has been a slow growth in the commercial real estates in Kenya as compared to the demand of the houses. Demand for housing units continues to outstrip the supply; property developers in Kenya have in the recent years considerably scaled down their construction activities, pointing to a struggling property sector. In 2018 the real estate sector in Kenya recorded its slowest annual growth in four years, giving weight to property market reports that signaled a slump in demand despite increased supply of new housing units. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of land as a factors of production on the growth of commercial real estate in Machakos County. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The target population for this study was made up of 374 registered property developers with Kenya Property Developers Association operating in Machakos County. Census approach was used to study all the 374 registered property developers. Prior to commencement of the actual study, 40 respondents from Kajiado, a neighboring county to Machakos were used in a pilot study to pre-test the research instrument. The researcher triangulated both structured questionnaires and open ended interview guide to gather and saturate data from the respondents. While the interview guides were bent to gather in-depth qualitative data from the real estate agents, the structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from the respondents who develop the real estates. Both quantitative/ numerical data and qualitative/ descriptive data were collected using structured questionnaire and unstructured interview guide respectively. Qualitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while quantitative data was analyzed using inferential statistics. Time series was also be utilized in this study. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for higher statistical computations. The findings revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between land and growth of commercial real estate in Machakos County. Based on the findings the study concluded that land is an important factor in determining the growth of commercial real estate in Machakos County. The study therefore recommended that before considering investing in commercial real estate in Machakos County, the investors should consider a number of aspects regarding land such as land location, land size, the general appearance of the land, accessibility and the price of the land and most importantly the legitimacy of the land.Item FORENSIC ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND FRAUD CONTROL IN COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN KENYA: EVIDENCE FROM COUNTIES IN MT.KENYA REGION(International Journal of Business Management and Economic Review, 2019) Kirimi Karuti, Jephitha; Mwaniki, Gillian; King’oriah, GeorgeIn the current century, fraud has become an issue that management and other stakeholders are aggressively trying to bring to a sustainable level. Fraud instances have been increasing in many organisations amidst continuous fight by governments and other agencies. The purpose of the study was to establish how forensic accounting policies would influence fraud control in County Government in Kenya. Seven counties in the Mount Kenya region were considered as the target population as well as the study sample size constituting of 351 staff members. To establish the level of statistical significance between the practical and predictable value, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Pearson coefficient of correlation was used to establish the strength of association among the variables while Regression analysis was used to approximate the model coefficients. Moreover, test of hypothesis was also carried out to define the relationship between the variables. In General, the study concluded that there was a positive linear relationship between Forensic Accounting policies and fraud control. It was evident that forensic accounting policies influenced fraud control by a coefficient of (0.219). The study therefore concluded that adoption of forensic accounting policies in county governments in Kenya would enormously contribute to fraud control in the public entities.Item FORENSIC ACCOUNTING SKILLS AND FRAUD CONTROL IN COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN KENYA: EVIDENCE FROM COUNTIES IN MT. KENYA REGION(International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2019-06) Kirimi Karuti, Jephitha; Mwaniki, Gillian; King’oriah, GeorgeIn the 21st century fraud is becoming an issue that top management are struggling to control. At least 5% of the firms lose their revenues to fraud annually. Past studies indicate that fraud can occur amidst policies that have been put in place. The current study aimed at investigating how application of forensic accounting skills influence fraud control in County Government. Seven counties in the Mount Kenya region and 351 staff members were the target population as well as the study sample size. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics mainly percentages and frequency distribution were used for data presentation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to establish the level of statistical significance of difference between the observed and expected values. Regression analysis was used to estimate the model coefficients while Pearson coefficient of correlation was used to establish the strength of relationship among the variables. Test of hypothesis was also carried out. The study concluded that there was a positive linear relationship between Forensic Accounting skills and fraud control with an influence of a coefficient of (0.267). The study therefore concluded that adoption of forensic accounting skills would contribute massively to fraud control in the public sector.