School of Business and Economics
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Welcome to School of Business and Economics collection.This collection contains Journal articles published by faculty affiliated to the school.
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Item Human Resource Factors and Their Influence on Performance in Public Health Facilities in Kericho County, Kenya(Journal of Strategic Management,, 2025-07) Jacob, Agnes Kiende; Muema, Muema; Munga, JaneEffective human resource management is critical to the performance of public health facilities, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study examined the influence of human resources on performance in selected public health facilities in Kericho County, Kenya. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected from 159 respondents including healthcare workers and facility administrators. Stratified random sampling ensured representation across facility types. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Version 27. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to establish the nature and strength of the relationship between human resource factors and facility performance. Results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between human resource practices and health facility performance (β = 0.472, p < 0.001). Key predictors included staff motivation, continuous professional development, job satisfaction, and staffing adequacy. The study concluded that investment in human capital significantly enhances service delivery. Recommendations include targeted training, better staff retention policies, and embedding performance-based management systems in public health institutions.Item Influence of Strategic Communication on Service Delivery in Public Level Four Hospitals In Nairobi County, Kenya(Intra Africa Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research (IAJMR), 2025-08) Wafukho, Rose Cheryl Nafula; Munga, Jane; Riungu, Festus Kinyua3Despite the critical role communication plays in modern healthcare systems, public level four hospitals in Nairobi County continue to experience inconsistencies in service delivery, often attributed to fragmented or ineffective strategic communication frameworks. Strategic communication serves as a coordination mechanism, guiding the formulation, execution, and monitoring of healthcare delivery strategies. This study investigated the influence of strategic communication on the effectiveness of service delivery in Nairobi’s public level four hospitals. Grounded on Stakeholder Theory and Resource-Based View, the study adopted a descriptive design and positivist philosophy. A sample of 286 respondents was drawn from a target population of 1012 staff across hospitals using stratified random sampling. Data was collected through structured questionnaires, analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results showed a significant positive relationship between strategic communication and service delivery (r = 0.734, p < 0.01), with regression analysis confirming a predictive effect (β = 0.653, R² = 0.543, p < 0.05). The study concludes that internal communication flow, clarity of roles, stakeholder engagement, and feedback mechanisms are integral to service delivery. It recommends institutionalizing structured communication strategies to enhance transparency, staff cohesion, and patient-centered service.Item Influence of Employee Involvement on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS), 2024-08) Sitonik, Janet Chepngetich; Munga, Jane; Mbithi, MaryEmployee involvement is important for driving performance, as engaged employees are more likely to contribute positively to organizational goals, leading to enhanced productivity and innovation. High performance is essential for maintaining competitiveness, achieving financial stability, and ensuring long-term success. However, Commercial Banks in Kenya face a pressing need to improve performance, as existing gaps in employee involvement could be hindering the organization's potential and leading to missed opportunities. This paper sought to determine the influence of employee involvement on the performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya. The study applied a descriptive research design on 38 Commercial Banks in Kenya as the unit of analysis in the study. The target respondents were 190 middle-level managers of commercial banks in Kenya as the unit of observation. Stratified random sampling technique was applied in addition to Taro Yamane’s formula to sample 129 participants in the study. The study gathered data through questionnaires which were administered both physically and online. Data collected was analyzed through both descriptive and inferential analyses. Results revealed a β of 0.435 and a p-value of 0.001, between employee involvementand performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study concluded that employee involvement had a positive and significant influence on the performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommends that Commercial Banks in Kenya should empower employees by expanding decision-making structures to encourage ownership and active participation. The study also recommends regularly updating training programs to align with employees' evolving needs. Additionally, the study recommends strengthening communication channels to keep employees informed about organizational changes. The study further recommends implementing a structured and frequent recognition program to boost employee morale. Moreover, the study recommends expanding leadership development opportunities through mentorship and workshops. Lastly, the study recommends increasing the frequency of team-building activities to foster stronger relationships and a collaborative culture.Item Effects of Technological Integration on Performance of Hotel Industry in Kenya.(Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research,, 2025-09) Mukiri, Judy Francis; Munga, Jane; Muema, WilsonKenya's hotel industry faces significant challenges including intense competition, rising operational costs, inconsistent service quality, and evolving guest expectations for digital services. Many hotels have been slow to adopt comprehensive technological solutions, creating a gap between potential benefits of technology integration and actual performance improvements realized. This study investigated the effect of technological integration on the performance of Kenya's hotel industry. The research was grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model, which explains technology adoption through perceived usefulness and ease of use factors. A descriptive research design was employed targeting eight Accor hotels in Kenya. The study population comprised 168 individuals including frontline staff, customer care representatives, and managers. Using stratified random sampling and Yamane's formula, a sample size of 118 participants was selected. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires, achieving an excellent response rate of 81.4% with 96 completed responses. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27.0, employing descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The regression analysis revealed compelling findings demonstrating a strong positive relationship between technological integration and hotel performance (R = 0.806). Technology integration explained 72.5% of performance variance (R2 = 0.725), with the regression coefficient (β = 0.735) indicating substantial performance enhancement per unit technology improvement. Statistical significance was confirmed through ANOVA results (F = 112.891, p < 0.001) and coefficient testing (t = 10.626, p < 0.001). The study therefore concluded that technological integration serves as a primary driver of hotel success in Kenya's hospitality sector. The study hence recommended that hotels should prioritize comprehensive technology investment, focus on guest service technologies, invest in human capital development, foster industry collaboration, and implement robust performance monitoring systems to achieve sustained competitive advantage.Item Organizational restructuring and organizational performance of selected commercial based Parastatals in Kenya.(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2025-05) Mohamed, Eynash; Munga, Jane; Kithinji, MosesThis study examined the effect of organizational restructuring on the organizational performance of selected commercial-based parastatals in Kenya. Guided by the Contingency Theory, the study utilized a quantitative approach, collecting primary data from 85 senior management, 265 middle management, and 850 operational staff across ten commercial parastatals with the largest net profits in FY2022/2023. Stratified random sampling ensured the representativeness of the sample, while structured questionnaires captured data relevant to the research objectives. The findings revealed that organizational restructuring positively influences performance by streamlining roles, enhancing decision-making, and improving operational efficiency. The regression analysis showed strong relationships between organizational restructuring and performance. The study's contributions include insights into the synergistic effects of strategic change interventions and actionable recommendations for parastatal managers and policymakers. Limitations include the study's focus on commercial parastatals in Kenya, reliance on cross-sectional data, and self- reported responses, which were mitigated through rigorous methodological designs and diagnostics. The study recommended longitudinal research to assess the long-term impacts of these interventions, comparative studies across sectors, and further exploration of moderating factors such as organizational culture and external dynamics. The findings provide valuable guidance for enhancing organizational performance through well-planned and executed strategic interventions.Item Influence of Training on Employee Performance in Deposit-Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Nairobi County, Kenya(International Research Journal of business and strategic management, 2025-07) Dalacha, Fardhowsa Mohamad; Nzioki, Susan; Munga, JaneThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of training on employee performance in Deposit-Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (DT-SACCOs) in Nairobi County. The study aimed to determine how training initiatives impact employee skills, efficiency, and overall organizational outcomes. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting 87 DT- SACCOs with 380 human resource employees as the unit of observation. Using Taro Yamane’s formula, 169 HR officers were randomly sampled, while 10 HR managers were purposively selected, resulting in a sample size of 179 participants. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews, with triangulation applied to enhance validity. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, while regression analysis tested the relationship between training and performance. The findings revealed a strong positive relationship (R = 0.705) where training accounted for 49.7% of the variation in employee performance (p < 0.01). The study concluded that structured training significantly enhances employee competence, task efficiency, and service delivery. It recommended implementing comprehensive onboarding programs, continuous professional development, and tailored skill-building initiatives to sustain high performance levels in DT-SACCOs.Item Influence of Resource Availability on Performance of County Government of Tharaka Nithi(International Research Journal Publishers,, 2025-08) Njagi, Sheilla Kawira; Munga, Jane; Mbebe, JamesThe availability of resources plays a critical role in shaping the performance of county governments, directly impacting their ability to execute projects and deliver public services effectively. Understanding how resource availability influences overall performance is essential for driving improvements in service delivery and project outcomes. Despite the importance of resource management, there is often a gap in optimizing the use of available resources, leading to missed opportunities for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness. This paper sought to explore the influence of resource availability on the performance of the County Government of Tharaka Nithi. The study applied a cause-effect research design. The study gathered data through questionnaires which were administered both physically and electronically. Data collected was analyzed through both descriptive and inferential analysis. Results revealed a β of 0.554 and a p- value of 0.001, between resource availability and the performance of the County Government of Tharaka Nithi. The study concluded that resource availability had a positive and significant influence on the performance of the County Government of Tharaka Nithi. The study recommends that the County Government of Tharaka Nithi should optimize resource utilization by implementing efficient resource management strategies and provide continuous training and development for staff. Further, the study recommends that the County Government of Tharaka Nithi enhance monitoring and evaluation processes while strengthening financial management practices. Besides, the study recommended that the County Government of Tharaka Nithi should invest in advanced machinery and tools. Additionally, the study recommends that the County Government should encourage community involvement in project planning and implementation. Also, the study recommended exploring external funding opportunities, such as public-private partnerships or international grants. Finally, the study recommends prioritizing sustainable practices in project management, including the adoption of green technologies, to ensure long- term benefits and minimize environmental impact.Item Strategic direction and organizational performance of four star hotels in Nairobi County, Kenya.(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2025-03) Nyamao, Catherine Kwamboka; Munga, Jane; Mbebe, JamesGlobally, strategic leadership is recognized for its major contribution to a strategy implementation timetable that is successful and that is essential in directing and enhancing the context and mode of strategy implementation. The primary goal is to investigate the performance and strategic leadership of Kenya's fourstar hotels. The study specifically examines how much organizational performance is influenced by strategic direction in Kenyan four-star hotels. Goal-setting theory served as a guiding principle for this investigation. Questionnaires were used in the collection of data. For this study, a descriptive research design was used. 148 general managers, assistant general managers, and supervisors employed by Kenya's four-star hotels were the study's target group. This study included a census. To obtain the respondents, a census will be used. Standard deviation and mean will be utilized to measure central tendency, and regression and correlation analysis are two examples of inferential statistics that will be employed in the study. Performance (M=2.96, SD=1.08) and strategic direction (M=3.48, SD=1.26) were deemed significant (p < 0.5; r = 0. 891, p = 0.000 < 0. 5. According to the study, to reveal additional empirical data on this crucial topic of strategic direction and how it interacts with other facets of organizational performance, particularly social performance, more literature reviews are required. Researchers are advised to conduct investigations into this relationship.Item Influence of Strategic Resource Allocation on the Performance of Paint Manufacturing Firms in Kenya(International Research Journal Business and Strategic Management, 2025-07) Karani, Magdaline Wangui; Munga, Jane; Mbithi, MaryThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of strategic resource allocation on the performance of paint manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study was motivated by inconsistent performance trends in the sector, often attributed to inefficient allocation of resources despite increasing competition and market demands. A correlational research design was adopted, targeting 26 paint manufacturing firms registered with the Paint Manufacturers Association of Kenya. Stratified random sampling was used to select 113 respondents from key managerial roles. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Findings revealed that optimal strategic resource allocation significantly enhances organizational performance. Specifically, firms with optimal allocation practices were 25 times more likely to achieve high performance compared to those with suboptimal resource use. The study concludes that strategic allocation of resources is a key driver of firm success. It recommends that paint manufacturing firms adopt data-driven, demand-based resource distribution strategies, and invest in areas with the highest returns. Emphasis should also be placed on aligning resource planning with customer expectations and market dynamics to improve competitiveness and sustainability.Item Influence of Organizational Policy on the Performance of Selected Microfinance Institutions in Kitui County(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS), 2023-09) Nyamai, Maimbu; Munga, Jane; Murithi, AnthonyMicrofinance Institutions (MFIs) are unable to meet the current market demand requiring firms to identify workable methods that satisfy the organization’s needs. The present study sought to determine the influence of Organizational Policy on The Performance of Selected Microfinance Institutions in Kitui County. The study applied a cross-sectional research design, population of the study included 175 middle-level managers in the departments of finance, human resources, procurement, sales, and marketing as well as the ICT department among 7 MFIs in Kitui county. The study applied a stratified random sampling technique to sample 122 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires that were physically administered. The study analyzed data using descriptive and inferential analysis. The study revealed a β of 0.641, t= 7.507, which was associated with a p-value of 0.001. The study concluded that organizational policy had a significant and positive influence on the performance of microfinance institutions in Kitui County. Microfinance institutions should regularly review policies on resource allocations, codes of conduct, power relations, and communication to ensure that they are relevant at all times and reflect the requirements of the strategic plans.