School of Business and Economics
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Welcome to School of Business and Economics collection.This collection contains Journal articles published by faculty affiliated to the school.
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Item Effect of liquidity risk on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya.(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2024-08) Nyagah, Derebia; Kithinji, Moses; Mutegi, DoreenThe objective of the study was to assess the effect of liquidity risk on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The theory reviewed was the pecking order theory. The study adopted descriptive research. The target population was 47 senior management, 128 middle management and 303 lower management employees working in the Commercial Banks’ headquarters in Nairobi. The study used stratified sampling technique. To learn more about the interest rate drivers and financial performance of commercial banks, the study used primary data. The reliability and validity of the study tools were examined using a pilot group of 22 participants. With the use of descriptive statistics like means, medians, standard deviations, and proportions, as well as the response rate, quantitative, data was evaluated using SPSS version 28, the statistical tool for the social sciences. To find out what mathematical model revealed the association between variables, multiple linear regression analysis was performed. It is common practice to conduct parametric tests that make assumptions about the data. The study showed that the independent objective namely liquidity risk, positively influenced financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The following recommendations were made; enhance liquidity management and strengthen regulatory frameworks for liquidity.Item Asset liability management and financial performance of microfinance banks in Nairobi County.(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2025-05) Otieno, Beryl Akoth; Kithinji, Moses; Miluwi, JoshuaThis study investigated the effect of asset liability management on the financial performance of Microfinance Banks in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was guided by Liquidity Preference Theory. Adopting a descriptive correlational research design, the study targeted senior managers, financial analysts, credit officers, and internal audit personnel from large, medium, and small MFBs in Nairobi County. Stratified random sampling ensured representativeness across these categories, while data collection combined structured questionnaires and secondary data sheets. Analytical methods included both descriptive and inferential statistical tools, with SPSS version 29 utilized for robust data processing and hypothesis testing. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between asset-liability management and financial performance, demonstrating the criticality of aligning assets with liabilities to mitigate risks. The study underscores the importance of tailored asset liability management for enhancing financial sustainability in the microfinance sector. The study recommended that microfinance banks strengthen asset liability using advanced tools and dynamic forecasting. Future research could investigate how incorporating machine learning and blockchain into asset management affects financial performance. Additionally, research could examine the long-term impact of macroeconomic factors (inflation, interest rates) on asset management strategies and the influence of ESG factors on these practices, considering the growing importance of sustainable finance.Item Effect of cash management on financial performance of tier one deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya.(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2024-08) Mbabu, John; Kithinji, Moses; Mutegi, DoreenSACCOs rely primarily on member deposits as a source of funding for their lending activities, making effective cash management essential for maintaining member confidence, meeting withdrawal demands, and sustaining operations. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of cash management on financial performance of tier one DT-SACCOs in Kenya. The trade-off theory reviewed was based on the key variable. A descriptive research design was adopted for this study. One hundred sixty-six people, including accountants, credit managers, risk managers, internal auditors, and compliance officers, made up the target audience. The stratified sampling strategy was employed in this investigation. In order to gather primary data, the questionnaire was used primarily. In addition to obtaining formal consent from the National Council for Research, Science and Technology, the researcher sought university clearance. The study showed that the independent objective namely cash management positively influenced financial performance of tier one DT SACCOs. Managerial Recommendations: Enhance Cash Management. Policy Recommendations: Develop Comprehensive Cash Management PoliciesItem Effect of debt to equity ratio on the financial performance of Kenyan banks.(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2025-08) Kambuche, Maria Mghulo; Kithinji, Moses; Murithi, AnthonyThis study examined how debt to Equity Ratio affects the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya, covering a five-year timeframe from 2019 to 2023 across all 40 licensed institutions. Using a correlational research approach, the analysis relied on panel data regression methods, supported by essential diagnostics such as unit root assessments, fixed versus random effects estimations, and the Hausman test to determine the most appropriate model. The findings, displayed using tables and visual aids, revealed that the debt-to-equity accounted for 47.28% of the variation in return on assets. This suggests that more than half of the performance differences remain influenced by other, unexamined factors. The results showed that higher levels of debt relative to equity had a statistically significant and negative impact on profitability. In contrast, short-term debt appeared to have a slight positive influence on performance, though this effect was not statistically meaningful. Overall, the study emphasized that the way banks manage their debt to equity Ratio significantly affects financial outcomes. It recommended that bank leaders adopt more cautious approaches to financing particularly by limiting overreliance on long-term debt and equity-based structures in order to safeguard profitability and support sustainable operations.Item Sport diplomacy as a driver of regional cooperation and integration in East Africa.(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2025-05) Mude, Ibrahim Abdi; Miluwi, Joshua; Kithinji, MosesThe correlation between sports and politics is a long and intriguing one. Human history, from antiquity, demonstrates that sport has always been exploited by the ruling elite to provide a utility ‘beyond the game’. Sports has been a useful tool for promoting regional cooperation and integration. Sports diplomacy is a term used to refer to the efforts of the state that involve the use of sports to promote national interests. Kenya’s foreign policy is anchored on five interlinked pillars; peace diplomacy, economic diplomacy, diaspora diplomacy, environmental diplomacy and cultural diplomacy. The cultural diplomacy pillar seeks to promote the use of sports diplomacy by recognizing the role of sports personalities in promoting Kenya’s national interest. This is a deliberate effort to use sports diplomacy in order to realize Kenya’s foreign policy objectives. Kenya’s foreign policy objectives include promotion of regional integration amongst others. This proposed study examined how Kenya uses sports to promote its regional cooperation and integration within East Africa. The study applied Liberalism Theory. The study employed mixed methods research design. Using Purposive and Snowball Sampling techniques, the study used interview method to collect primary data. Secondary data was also used. The data was then be sorted and analyzed to enable the researcher to make generalizations about correlations of the study variables. The study covered 2010-2019.Item Organizational restructuring and organizational performance of selected commercial based Parastatals in Kenya.(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2025-05) Mohamed, Eynash; Munga, Jane; Kithinji, MosesThis study examined the effect of organizational restructuring on the organizational performance of selected commercial-based parastatals in Kenya. Guided by the Contingency Theory, the study utilized a quantitative approach, collecting primary data from 85 senior management, 265 middle management, and 850 operational staff across ten commercial parastatals with the largest net profits in FY2022/2023. Stratified random sampling ensured the representativeness of the sample, while structured questionnaires captured data relevant to the research objectives. The findings revealed that organizational restructuring positively influences performance by streamlining roles, enhancing decision-making, and improving operational efficiency. The regression analysis showed strong relationships between organizational restructuring and performance. The study's contributions include insights into the synergistic effects of strategic change interventions and actionable recommendations for parastatal managers and policymakers. Limitations include the study's focus on commercial parastatals in Kenya, reliance on cross-sectional data, and self- reported responses, which were mitigated through rigorous methodological designs and diagnostics. The study recommended longitudinal research to assess the long-term impacts of these interventions, comparative studies across sectors, and further exploration of moderating factors such as organizational culture and external dynamics. The findings provide valuable guidance for enhancing organizational performance through well-planned and executed strategic interventions.Item Influence of stakeholder engagement on change intervention in Nairobi City County Government.(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2025-07) Macharia, William Wamai; Munga, Jane Wanjiru; Kithinji, MosesThis study examined the influence of stakeholder engagement on change intervention in NCCG. Grounded in Stakeholder Theory the study adopted an explanatory research design using a quantitative approach. The target population comprised 6,899 county personnel across top, middle, and operational levels, from which a stratified random sample of 378 respondents was drawn. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression to establish the statistical significance and influence of Stakeholder engagement on change intervention. The findings revealed that Stakeholder engagement emerged as a critical determinant, with strong communication channels, feedback mechanisms, and stakeholder representation contributing to enhanced transparency and public trust. The study concludes that for NCCG to achieve sustainable and impactful change, Stakeholder engagement should be institutionalized through participatory governance frameworks. The study recommends the formulation of a formal stakeholder engagement policy. From a policy perspective, the study advocates for a holistic and inclusive model of strategic change that embeds transparency, accountability, and responsiveness within the public sector.Item Influence of stakeholder management on performance of renewable energy projects in Kenya.(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2025-07) Chamdany, Philiph K. A.; Kirimi, Dorothy; Kithinji, MosesThis study assessed the influence of stakeholder management on the performance of renewable energy projects in Kenya. The study was grounded in the Stakeholder Theory which provided a multidimensional lens for examining how institutional and managerial practices shape project outcomes. The study adopted an explanatory research design was targeting stakeholders involved in the implementation of renewable energy projects across Kenya. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained from relevant project reports and regulatory agencies. The target population was 380. Sample size was 195. The stratified random sampling technique was the most appropriate approach for this study. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis to determine the nature and strength of the relationships between the PPP drivers and project performance. The findings revealed that stakeholder management had a positive and statistically significant influence on project performance. The study concludes that the successful implementation of renewable energy projects in Kenya requires strategic attention to inclusive stakeholder engagement. It recommends that project managers adopt integrated planning approaches and that policymakers strengthen regulatory frameworks to support sustainable project outcomes. The study also identifies gaps for future research, particularly the need to explore the roles of technological innovation, regulatory governance, and longitudinal project tracking in the evolving renewable energy landscape.Item Influence of Tour Guides Communication Skills on the Satisfaction of International Tourists at Nairobi Tourist Circuit, Kenya(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2023-07) Gesimba, Francisca Machoka; Nyaga, John; Kithinji, MosesThe study assessed the influence of tour guides' communication skills on international tourists' satisfaction at the Nairobi tourist circuit, Kenya. The job characteristics theory supported the study. The study adopted a descriptive research design and used the Cochran formula to obtain the study's sample size of 278 respondents from the target population of 2851 international tourists visiting the Nairobi circuit. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The research instrument's content and face validity were enhanced by conducting a detailed literature review and consultation with subject experts in the tourism sector. Further instrument reliability was determined by carrying out a pilot study in the Central Kenya Circuit. The Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient was computed from the obtained data to measure the instruments' internal consistency, where an Alpha coefficient of 0.8111 was obtained. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings illustrated that tour guide communication skills had a strong statistically significant relation with international tourist satisfaction at the Nairobi tourist circuit. In conclusion, tour guide communication skills influence the satisfaction of international tourists. The recommendation of the study was that tour guides need to be fluent in communicating in many languages. This would help serve different tourists effectively; thus, the tourists would be satisfied with the service delivery.Item Effect of Activity Based Costing On Financial Performance of Cement Manufacturing Industry in Kenya(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management,, 2023-07) Ahmed, Mahamud Abdilahi,; Kithinji, Moses; Naminda, BarbaraIn East Africa, Kenya is leading in both cement production and consumption. There are around 8 cement companies in Kenya. Three of these companies are listed at the Nairobi security exchange. Cement companies that are listed at NSE are Bamburi cement, ARM cement limited, East Africa Portland cement limited. Private companies are Mombasa cement, National cement, and Savannah cement. Competition amongst cement manufacturing is getting tough due to higher demand and supply in the real estate industry therefore companies are much interested in assessing financial positions to get or retain higher market share. This study focused on the effect of activity-based costing on financial performance of manufacturing industry in Kenya. The study used both qualitative and quantitative research method. The target population of the study was100 middle level management. The study used primary source of data that was collected through questionnaire that consisted of structured questions. Quantitative data was collected analyzed through descriptive analysis and SPPSS presentations was presented through percentages, means, standard deviations, and frequencies. The information was displayed by use of frequency tables. The study findings revealed that financial performance of manufacturing industry in Kenya was significantly related with activity-based costing. The activity-based costing had positive influence on performance. The study concluded that activity-based Costing (ABC) have positive influence on cement manufacturing firms as it enhances cost reduction which portent a high increase in profit and overall performance of an organisation.