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Academic Dishonesty Mitigation Measures Put in Place by Libraries for Supporting Postgraduate Research at Selected Universities in Kenya
(KeMU, 2023-09) Mwangi, Maina Antony
Postgraduate research is significant in the academic discipline, and students are expected to submit original research without engaging in academic misconduct. Nevertheless, academic dishonesty continues to be a severe challenge among postgraduate students in different universities globally. Despite the different measures to counter academic dishonesty, the challenge continues to prevail. This study was motivated by the high rates of plagiarism and academic dishonesty reported by universities among postgraduate students. It aimed to assess the mitigation measures put up by libraries to curb academic dishonesty to support postgraduate research at KeMU and UoEM in Kenya. The objectives were: to establish the efficacy of plagiarism detection software, scholarly training, academic dishonesty awareness creation, and academic dishonesty policies and guidelines in mitigating academic dishonesty at the UoEM and KeMU in Kenya. The theory of planned behavior guided the research. It employed a survey research design. The target population included postgraduate students, Directors of Postgraduate Studies, and librarians, totaling 1008 participants. It used a sample size of 208 participants, constituting 195 postgraduate students, two directors of postgraduate studies, and 11 librarians from the UoEM and KeMU. It applied stratified sampling and simple random sampling within each stratum. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents. Pretesting of instruments was done in Kirinyaga University with 1 director of postgraduate studies, 5 librarians, and 25 postgraduate students. To determine the validity, the researcher used construct and content validity and Cronbach alpha coefficient was applied to determine reliability. The methods used for analysis were descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation, while thematic analysis was used on qualitative data. The research data was presented in tables. The research followed research ethics, observing all research policies. It also ensured the respondents’ safety and confidentiality. Results showed that academic dishonesty measures established by libraries for supporting postgraduate research in KeMU and UoEM, promote academic integrity. Background information on academic dishonesty presented the practice as a significant challenge to postgraduate studies. The practice is manifested in using software to commit academic dishonesty, falsifying information, and plagiarism in research and scholarly writing. The main approaches university libraries adopted to combat the challenge are: using anti-plagiarism software, creating awareness, training students, increasing access to research materials in online and physical libraries, and using academic dishonesty policy guidelines. However, the research findings showed that although the approaches have helped reduce academic dishonesty, they cannot eliminate the challenge completely; hence, the need for university libraries to adopt measures to improve the processes. The research concluded that postgraduate research is vital in creating useful knowledge, and its quality should be maintained by mitigating academic dishonesty. It recommended that universities management, faculty and libraries should increase collaborations between academic stakeholders, increase student mentorship, support anti-plagiarism software use with other frameworks, make educational writing training a regular practice, and establish awareness creation forums to inform students about academic integrity policies and guidelines. This study was valuable in promoting quality and original postgraduate research without engaging in academic dishonesty.
Adopting Attention Interest Desire Action (Aida) Model in Enhancing Electronic Resource Utilization among Postgraduate Students at Universities in Meru County, Kenya
(KeMU, 2024-09) Musungu, Mercy Shidemburi
Electronic resources are revolutionizing global education by providing postgraduate students with swift access to information, powerful search capabilities, and seamless citation of scholarly works. These digital tools are not merely enhancing learning; they are transforming how knowledge is accessed and utilized, ushering in a new era of academic excellence. However, there is a noticeable research gap regarding the optimal utilization of these resources, especially among postgraduate students. Hence, the study aimed to fill this gap by proposing the adoption of the Attention Interest Desire Action (AIDA) model to enhance electronic resource utilization among postgraduate students at KeMU and Meru University of Science and Technology (MUST). The purpose of the study was to assess how the strategic application of the AIDA model can enhance the utilization of electronic resources, providing both short and long term best-practice recommendations. The specific objectives were to: assess postgraduate students' attention towards electronic resource utilization; determine their interest in such resources; examine their desire for electronic resource utilization; and evaluate their proactive actions in utilizing electronic resources. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach with a descriptive survey research design. The target population consisted of 13 library heads of sections and 800 postgraduate students from MUST and KeMU. Purposive sampling was used to select library head of sections, while stratified and simple random sampling was employed for postgraduate students, resulting in a total sample size of 260 postgraduate students and 13 heads of sections. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides. Data quality was ensured through construct, content, and face validity checks, and reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were computed using SPSS version 26, while inferential statistics assessed the relationship between variables. Thematic analysis was utilized for open-ended questions and interview data. The study noted that extensive training programs and major advancements in technical infrastructure are necessary for the efficient utilization of e-resources. This is supported by regular training, awareness campaigns, tailored support, improved accessibility, and sufficient ICT infrastructure. The effective utilization of e-resources was curtailed by technical issues such as outdated computers and poor internet connectivity, limited IT illiteracy and financial constraints in some postgraduate students. The study noted that effective utilization of e-resources among postgraduate students is largely affected by training, technical infrastructure, and resource management. It requires collaboration between teachers, students, librarians, and university administration. The study recommended that, universities should prioritize significant technological infrastructure upgrades, such as raising internet speed and improving computer availability. University libraries should incorporate e-resources into the curriculum and hold frequent training sessions to improve students' e-resource literacy and navigation abilities. They should also implement policies that integrate e-resources into the curriculum, offering incentives for high usage, and continuously improving services based on postgraduate student feedback. The findings implicate on strategies such as targeted efforts to stimulate curiosity and relevance (Interest), cultivate strong motivations (Desire), and facilitate proactive engagement (Action) to enhance electronic resource utilization, ultimately improving academic outcomes and research capabilities among postgraduate students.
Adopting SERVQUAL Model in Improving Digital Institutional Repository Information Services to Postgraduate Students at Universities in Meru County
(KeMU, 2023-09) Tsenga, Sophia Mjeni
Service delivery in digital institutional repositories among university libraries has continued to demand multi-skilled workforce, competent and responsive employees who listen to customer’s needs. This implicates directly on the nature of service delivery by librarians towards meeting the needs of their clients. However, digital institutional repository service provision has been unsatisfactory. Hence, the study aimed to determine how adopting SERVQUAL model can improve digital institutional repository information services to postgraduate students at universities in Meru County. The specific objectives were: reliability, responsiveness, tangibility, empathy and assurance towards improving digital institutional repository information services to postgraduate students. The study was underpinned by the SERVQUAL model. It also adopted a mixed-methods approach and a concurrent embedded research design. The target population constituted university library head of sections and post-graduate students. A sample size of 91 post-graduate students and 10 heads of sections librarians was adopted. Purposive sampling was employed to get the head of section librarians and simple random sampling for sampling post-graduate students. Data was collected using questionnaires and an interview guide. Data quality was achieved by checking construct, content and face validity, while reliability was checked using Cronbach alpha. The mean and standard deviation were computed for descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis, for assessing the overall applicability of SERVQUAL model in repositories. Thematic analysis was utilized for open-ended questions and interview data. Findings were presented using tables, figures and narrations. Findings indicated that digital institutional repository service provision was significantly affected by all components of the SERVQUAL model. The study noted that effective service provision at the institutional repositories section requires reliability, assurance, empathy, responsiveness, tangibility, promptness, politeness, courtesy and demeanor. These aspects are supported by knowledgeable staff, customer care, adequate ICT infrastructure, facilities and technology; customer awareness, adequate funding, and information resources. The digital institutional repository service provision was curtailed by inadequate ICT infrastructure, staff competencies, facilities, information resources; non-vibrant feedback platform, low bandwidth and frequent downtime of the institutional repository webpage. Other drawbacks included limited student awareness and lack of postgraduate diploma research projects. The study noted that effective digital institutional repository service provision requires concerted efforts of repository managers, university management, university librarians, Directorate of Postgraduate, students and faculty. The study recommends need for university libraries to retool their staff, revise repository policies to incorporate awareness creation, and lobby for increase of library budget to cater for training, purchase of equipment and furniture. Heads of libraries should advocate for ICT infrastructure and facility development. They should also liaise with ICT managers for acquisition, upgrading, and maintenance of repository technology, and solicit University Management financial support for acquisition of necessary infrastructure and facilities. The findings implicate on competencies and professional development of library staff, stakeholders’ involvement, ICT infrastructure development, physical facilities and revision of repository policy framework.
Adoption of E- Records Management for Service Delivery in the Kenya Police Service.
(2016-06) Mwaniki, Grace Njoki
With the advent of information technologies, the variety of ways that information can be created, stored and manipulated has greatly increased in comparison to the days when information was produced almost solely through the medium of paper. The aim of this study was to examine the adoption of electronic records for service delivery at the Kenya Police Service. The objectives of the study were: to examine the status of records management in the Kenya Police Service; the availability of ICT infrastructure to facilitate e-records management; the financial support provided for the adoption of e-record management and the skills of personnel at Kenya Police Service in e-record management. The theoretical literature focused on Technology Acceptance Model. The study adopted a survey research design and the target population comprised of 616 officers from 29 police stations in Nairobi, Kenya. Data was collected using questionnaires and an interview guide. A total of 112 questionnaires were returned resulting in a response rate of 86.8%. The study used both probability sampling technique (stratified random sampling) and non-probability sampling techniques -. (purposive sampling and convenience sampling). The study collected both qualitative 7 X and quantitative data hence the use of mixed method. The" quantitative data from questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. The study established that Kenya Police Service mainly used manual record keeping systems and the institution was not prepared for the adoption of electronic records management as a tool to enhance efficiency in service delivery. The study recommends that the Kenya Government and the Kenya Police Service should come up With a strategic plan that would guide automation of record keeping systems, allocate sufficient funds to support acquisition of ICT infrastructure for e-records, staff training and
Adoption of Internet of Things in Enhancing Knowledge Management in University Libraries: A Case Study of Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Kenya
(KeMU, 2023-08) Maina, John
The potential of the Internet of Things (IoT) to improve operational efficiency and effectiveness has been widely acknowledged in various sectors. However, university libraries are yet to fully embrace this technology. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in enhancing knowledge management at Catholic University of Eastern Africa library, with a view to recommend best practices. Specific objectives were to: assess the types of Internets of Things technology adopted at Catholic University of Eastern Africa library, examine factors attributed to successful adoption of the Internet of Things at Catholic University of Eastern Africa library, examine how internet of things technology relate with knowledge management and determine the competency of library staff in using IoT to manage knowledge at Catholic University of Eastern Africa library. The study was guided by the Unified Theory of Technology Acceptance and Use and Adaptive Structural Theory, and was conducted at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa university libraries. Utilizing a descriptive research design, this study focused on a target population of seven decision-making librarians and five hundred library patrons. Employing a qualitative approach, data was collected through interviews with a purposively selected university librarian, five section head librarians, and six focus group discussions (7 each), involving simple randomly sampled library patrons. Document analysis was also conducted. Content analysis and thematic categorization were used for data analysis. The study found out that there was limited IoT adoption for knowledge management in libraries at CUEA. This is attributed to challenges in infrastructure, training, and organizational barriers. Key success factors identified include robust infrastructure, user acceptance, library staff training, and organizational support. The study also found varying competency levels among library staff in using IoT technology. Additionally, a positive relationship between IoT and knowledge management was observed, particularly in terms of information access, resource management, and collaboration. The study concluded that the IoT adoption for knowledge management in libraries at CUEA were limited to infrastructure, training, competency, user acceptance, support and organizational barriers. Additionally, a positive relationship between IoT and knowledge management was observed. Based on the findings, the study recommends that libraries should develop a comprehensive strategy for integrating IoT technology into knowledge management practices. Libraries should establish partnerships with technology providers and industry experts to access suitable IoT solutions. Libraries should conduct regular assessments and evaluations to monitor the progress and measure the impact of IoT implementation. Additionally, the government should foster a culture of innovation and continuous learning within university libraries. Furthermore, the study encourages further research and studies to expand the knowledge base and contribute to the advancement of best practices in the field of IoT adoption for knowledge management in university libraries. By implementing these recommendations, university libraries will leverage IoT technology effectively, enhance their knowledge management capabilities, and make significant contributions to academic excellence in research and learning environments
Adoption of Open Educational Resources (OER) In Promoting Blended Learning at University Libraries in Nairobi County, Kenya
(KeMU, 2024-09) Nyamboga, Felysta Nyamusi
There is a lack of consensus in current studies on the extent of Open Educational Resources integration for blended learning in universities and the associated factors. This study investigated the adoption of Open Educational Resources (OER) in promoting blended learning within university libraries in Nairobi County, focusing on the University of Nairobi, Technical University of Kenya, Strathmore University, and Catholic University of East Africa which was informed by a paucity of studies focusing on this population. The study sought to assess the adoption of open educational resources (OER) in blended learning at university libraries in Nairobi County, Kenya, to provide recommendations for improvement. The specific objectives were to evaluate the extent of OER adoption, identify strategies for incorporating OER into blended learning, and determine the success factors and policies supporting OER initiatives. The Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Technology Acceptance Model, and the Institutional Theory provided the theoretical underpinning for the interpretation of the findings. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative elements in the questionnaire to library staff and qualitative interviews with university librarians involved in OER adoption initiatives. The data collection involved 86 library staff and 4 university librarians. Census method and purposive sampling was employed to get the library staff and university librarians’ respectively. The quality of the data collection tool was achieved by checking the face, content and criterion validity, while reliability was achieved by using Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. The mean and standard deviation were computed to SPSS for descriptive statistics for close-ended questions, while the open-ended questions and interviews were analyzed thematically using NVivo. The data was presented using graphs, pie charts, and tables. The analysis revealed a positive but varied state of OER adoption, with significant differences in awareness and integration efforts across the surveyed libraries with 62.3% indicating adoption to a large extent. The findings showed that the key strategies for incorporating OER included interdisciplinary collaboration (89.8%), investment in technological infrastructure (42% strongly agreed), and the promotion of open pedagogical practices (72.6%). Success factors identified were strong institutional leadership (46.4%), comprehensive faculty development programs (49.3%), and the effective dissemination of best practices. The findings on the policies highlighted presence of but the need for clearer copyright and licensing guidelines, sustainable funding mechanisms, and robust monitoring and review processes. The findings further indicated that while there is a foundational level of OER adoption, significant opportunities exist for enhancement through targeted awareness campaigns, comprehensive training, and strategic investments in technological infrastructure. The study concluded that universities are integrating OER for blended learning, enabled by institutional support, continuous professional development, and clear policies covering different aspects. Based on the findings, universities should enhance awareness campaigns, provide comprehensive OER training, create centralized repositories, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, invest in technological infrastructure, promote open pedagogical practices, ensure strong institutional leadership, implement faculty development programs, review and improve policies, and secure sustainable funding. This research contributes to the understanding of OER integration in higher education and offers practical recommendations for universities aiming to enhance their blended learning initiatives through OER.
AI Based Framework for Government Oversight of Personal Data Consent Compliance A Case Study Of Nairobi County
(KeMU, 2024-09) VUNDI,MUSYOKA, GEOFFREY
In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, protecting individual privacy and ensuring compliance with personal data regulations have become critical priorities. This study addresses the growing challenge of insufficient government oversight in monitoring real time compliance with personal data consent, with a focus on Nairobi County as a case study. It introduces an AI-based framework designed to automate the detection of privacy breaches, verify adherence to consent agreements, and strengthen regulatory enforcement processes. Grounded in regulatory compliance theory, the research aims to enhance the capacity of oversight bodies by utilizing AI technology to analyze vast datasets, improving the speed, accuracy, and efficiency of compliance monitoring. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Key stakeholders from prominent organizations such as Safaricom PLC, the Kenya Revenue Authority, Equity Bank Kenya, the Ministry of Information, Communications, and Technology (ICT), and the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON) were engaged. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with government regulators and private sector representatives responsible for managing personal data. A purposive sampling method was employed, selecting 195 respondents to ensure a comprehensive and representative dataset. Data analysis involved thematic analysis for qualitative data and statistical techniques for quantitative data. Findings indicate that the AI-based framework significantly improves the detection and prevention of data privacy violations, optimizes compliance processes, and reduces reliance on manual oversight. Enhanced governance structures and heightened user awareness emerged as crucial factors in promoting better compliance. However, challenges such as regulatory adaptation and limited resources were identified. The study concludes that AI holds transformative potential for government oversight by increasing transparency, accountability, and operational efficiency. It recommends that regulatory bodies, particularly the Ministry of ICT, adopt AI-driven solutions and foster public-private partnerships to ensure effective, comprehensive data governance. This approach is vital for addressing emerging privacy challenges in a data-driven world
Analysis of Occupational Burnout, Personality and Employee Engagement at Selected University Libraries in Coast Region in Kenya
(KeMU, 2023-09) Magori, Stephen Kuyabi
Burnout is a result of the vulnerability of workers in developing nations to occupational stressors in their specific institutions. Emotional exhaustion is a common side effect of workplace stress that inhibits employees from fully enjoying their work. Personality issues provide viewpoints on burnout and employee engagement. Due to their incorrect working hours, this scenario is hurting the type of information services provided by university librarians. As a result, the quality of information services has decreased, particularly at libraries at higher education institutions in Kenya's coastal region. The aim of this study was to determine and illustrate to what degree occupational burnout predicts library staff work engagement in 4 selected University Libraries in the Coast Region in Kenya. The objectives of this research were to explore the relation between occupational burnout and engagement, occupational burnout and personality, and personality and engagement of library staff at selected Universities in the Coast Region. An assessment of the mediating role of personalities in this identified hypothesized relationship was also covered. The J- DR model and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) are both used in this study. It was conducted in the Coast Region of Kenya. The researcher collected data from a target population of sample size of 54 library staff from 4 Universities. The research employed census method sampling technique. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used to obtain both qualitative and quantitative data. Thematic analysis was utilized with qualitative data, whilst regression analysis and descriptive statistics were used with quantitative data. The study findings indicated that occupational burnout had a negative and substantial connection with employee engagement; occupational burnout had a negative but insignificant relationship with personality; personality had a positive and substantial connection with staff engagement; and personality did not mediate the relationship between burnout and librarian engagement. The study concluded that occupational burnout contributes significantly to negative employee engagement. The study also concluded that occupational burnout contributes minimally to negative personality. Further, the study concludes that personality contributes significantly to positive employee engagement. Additionally, the study concluded that the ability of occupational burnout to predict employee engagement is not affected by personality.The study recommended the need for university library management to support employees in managing burnout. The university library management should support staff in strengthening their personalities. The field of information science will benefit greatly from this study's impact on theory, practice, and policy.
Analysis of Relationship between Information Services and Students’ Satisfaction at Kenya School of Law Library
(KeMU, 2020-11) Ng’ang’a, Judy Wairimu
Despite the heavy investment being done by university libraries, majority of them are not able to satisfy their users. Scholars have attributed user dissatisfaction to various difficulties such as inadequate information materials, challenge in using new information technologies, inadequate library facilities, lack of support from librarians and lack of information literacy training. This study therefore sought to examine the relationship between information services and students’ satisfaction at Kenya school of law library. The specific objectives included: to assess effect of reader services, digital information services, circulation services and information literacy training on students’ satisfaction at KSL library. The investigation was informed by the theory of expectancy disconfirmation. It adopted quantitative approach and used descriptive survey research design. The target population of the study included both students studying in the KSL and librarians. There were a total of 1827 students registered for the 2019/2020 academic year and 6 librarians. Stratified sampling method was adopted to select a sample of 190 that included 184 students and 6 librarians. The main research instruments for the study were questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data was analysed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods while qualitative data was analysed thematically. The findings revealed that separately, all the predictor variables (reader services, digital information services, circulation services, information literacy training) positively and significantly relate with students’ satisfaction at KSL library. The study noted that when combined, all the predictor variables except reader services positively and significantly influence students’ satisfaction at Kenya school of law library. In particular, information literacy training was found to be the most significant predictor of students’ satisfaction, followed by digital information services, then circulation services and lastly reader services. Overall, the study concluded that information services have a positive and significant relationship with students’ satisfaction at Kenya school of law library. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the library management at KSL should improve readers’ services including provision of adequate reading rooms, library and bibliographic instructions and online searches; should improve digital infrastructure including internet connectivity; should undertake measures to improve provision of circulation services such as team work, working days policy, adherence to library service charter, complaints register and prompt response to issues; Library management should also implement measures to enhance provision of information literacy training services including online training on various databases, consultation meeting with the librarian, improved network connectivity and preparation of user guides. The study implicate on information services provision policy at KSL library. Findings inform library staff on how best to improve provision of information services in order to satisfy the needs of users.
Analysis of Security of Records in Fostering Administration of Judicial Justice at Nakuru and Nyahururu Law Courts
(KeMU, 2023-08) Oyaro, Moureen Moige
Records play an important role in the administration of justice and the protection of human rights. It provides information and evidence about the case presented in court, thus influencing the timeliness and impartiality of decisions made by judicial officers. This research aimed to identify potential weaknesses in the current system or vulnerabilities that may compromise the integrity, confidentiality, or accessibility of court records. This included reviewing security protocols, procedures, and technology, as well as identifying threats or risks to the security of court records. This study analyzed how record security contributes to the administration of judicial justice in Nakuru and Nyahururu Courts. Specifically, the researcher aimed to investigate the security situation of court records, identify the measures taken to protect court records, and guide the security of court records, and determine the policy used to evaluate the competence of registrars, to evaluate the sufficiency of current electronic records systems in enhancing the security of court records. Research was supported by Records Continuum Model and adopted a descriptive survey research design. In addition, the target population was 72 respondents consisting of 4 deputy court registrars, 13 judges and magistrates, 15 record managers, 40 records office clients the study adopted a census sampling technique and a sample size 72 was collected from the deputy court registrar, judges and magistrates. Data was collected using interviews. The registry staff, and record officers and records office clients used questionnaires and interviews. The collected qualitative data were analyzed thematically, and the themes were presented verbatim. Quantitative data collected from respondents were analyzed using SPSS version 26, where descriptive(mean) were calculated and presented using tables and charts. Results revealed that the security of records in the law courts is good even though there are weaknesses that need to be addressed, also the policy framework was found to be effective in ensuring the security of court records. In addition, courts have tried to put in place security measures to safeguard the security of records. On the other hand, the researcher found out that the staff had average qualification for the work of records management, and they had sufficient qualifications in managing records in law courts however they indicated that they do not get chances to access training on current issues on managing court records and this affects their performance. The study recommended that judicial policy makers should evaluate and update existing security policies within the law courts to address specific challenges and requirements identified in the analysis. Theory of systems to be applied to encourage a systematic approach to improving court registries. Also, the study recommends that policies be developed and implement a comprehensive security policy as well as the review and streamline the processes and procedures followed in court registries to eliminate redundancies, reduce delays and improve efficiency. Areas of further studies, role of management in supporting management of records in public institutions. Need assessment for training of court records managers to enhance efficiency in records management. Risks facing court records and mitigations to avoid the risks. This research will help in identifying flaws in the current system and develop strategies to make the judicial system more efficient and effective that protects the rights of litigants
Analysis of Strategies for Enhancing User Engagement in University Libraries in Meru County, Kenya
(KeMU, 2024-09) Mutuma, Martin Muthomi
The interactions among students, faculty, and staff with library resources, services, and facilities define user engagement in university libraries. To encourage engagement, these libraries invest in digital collections, empower users through information literacy workshops, gather feedback via surveys to customize their services, and build a strong social media presence to foster a sense of community and connection among library users. Unfortunately, some university libraries are facing low user engagement. This study aimed to analyze strategies for enhancing user engagement in university libraries in Meru County, with a particular emphasis on suggesting practical best practices. The objectives of this study were to evaluate how digital resource accessibility enhances user engagement, assess user survey mechanisms for improving engagement, examine the use of information literacy programs to boost engagement, and analyze social media strategies to increase engagement. The study was guided by information interaction theory, flow theory, and the social media integration framework. It adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population consisted of 13,000 undergraduate students, 665 postgraduate students, and 25 library staff from Meru University and Kenya Methodist University. A sample of 434 undergraduate students, 267 postgraduate students, and 15 library staff participated in the study. The researcher first stratified the undergraduate and postgraduate students and then applied a simple random sampling technique to each group to ensure representation across different academic disciplines and years of study. Purposive sampling was used to select library staff participants. The researcher gathered data from undergraduate and postgraduate students through questionnaires and conducted interviews with library staff. The instruments were pretested to ensure their reliability, which was crucial for producing trustworthy and replicable research findings. A reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was conducted on the research instruments to ensure reliability. The qualitative data were thematically analyzed and presented in thematic categories and narratives, while the quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were computed, and the results were presented using tables and figures. The research adhered to ethical guidelines, including observing all research policies and ensuring the safety and confidentiality of the respondents. The study results revealed a significant level of engagement between students and library staff, with students frequently seeking assistance for research and resource location. Extensive use of online databases and electronic resources was noted; however, many students experienced difficulties in effectively using e-journals and institutional repositories. Additionally, user surveys were conducted sporadically with a poor response rate, and poor attendance at information literacy sessions was observed, with sessions not equipping students with efficient search strategies. Furthermore, most students felt library staff were unresponsive on social media, and the staff were unaware of effective methods to measure social media engagement. The study concludes that maintaining knowledgeable library staff, improving the quality and accessibility of digital resources, reassessing event planning and promotion strategies, enhancing social media engagement, and better promoting information literacy sessions are essential for enhancing user engagement. It recommended that university libraries in Meru County conduct regular user surveys, incorporate advanced search techniques in information literacy programs, establish clear social media engagement protocols, and integrate information literacy sessions into the academic curriculum.
Analysis of Strategies for Promoting Knowledge Sharing Among Staff at Kenya National Library Service
(KeMU, 2024-09) Moracha, Sarah Nyanchama
The study investigated the challenges faced by the Kenya National Library Service (KNLS) in promoting effective knowledge sharing among its staff. Despite various initiatives aimed at enhancing knowledge exchange, gaps in implementation led to inefficiencies and less-than-optimal service delivery. The primary purpose of the research was to evaluate and improve knowledge-sharing practices within KNLS. Specifically, the study aimed to assess the effectiveness of existing knowledge-sharing systems, examine how storytelling and mentorship contribute to knowledge sharing, explore the role of Communities of Practice (CoPs), and evaluate the impact of technology on facilitating knowledge exchange. Guided by Social Learning Theory, which emphasizes learning through social interactions; the Communities of Practice theory, which focuses on collaborative learning in professional groups; and the Technology Acceptance Model, which examines the adoption and use of technology, the study provided a theoretical framework for understanding and improving knowledge-sharing practices. The research employed a descriptive design and was conducted at the KNLS headquarters in Nairobi, along with several branches including Nairobi Area Library, Mombasa Library, Kisumu Library, Nakuru Library, and Eldoret Library. The target population included 223 staff members, comprising librarians, technical staff, administrative personnel, and management. A sample of 123 participants was drawn using stratified and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through online questionnaires and interviews, with validity ensured through content, construct, and face validity, and reliability assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The major findings of the study highlighted the significance of knowledge-sharing systems, storytelling, mentorship, and technology in fostering a collaborative environment at KNLS. It was found that effective knowledge-sharing systems and the application of storytelling and mentorship significantly contributed to improved staff performance and collaboration. Communities of Practice were instrumental in addressing challenges and sharing best practices but required clearer objectives and more active participation. The study concluded that while KNLS had mechanisms in place for knowledge sharing, implementation gaps existed. Storytelling and mentorship were effective but needed refinement to better support staff development. Communities of Practice contributed positively but needed clearer goals and more engagement. Technology was essential but required better integration and user support. To address these issues, the study recommended that KNLS management develop structured mentorship frameworks and provide regular training to improve mentorship programs. Strengthening Communities of Practice by setting clear, shared goals and fostering active member participation was also advised. Additionally, improving the usability and accessibility of digital tools and providing ongoing staff training were necessary for better technology integration. The study’s most significant contribution is its comprehensive evaluation of knowledge sharing strategies within a national library context. It offers actionable insights into improving knowledge management practices specifically within KNLS and underscores the importance of integrating theoretical frameworks with practical applications to enhance organizational effectiveness.
Analysis of the Evolving Roles of Librarians in Enhancing Knowledge Management in University Libraries in Nairobi County
(KeMU, 2024-09) Nasimiyu, Makokha Emily
It has long been recognized in several sectors that librarians can enhance the efficacy and operational efficiency of knowledge management. University libraries do not yet completely acknowledge the worth of the role of librarians in managing knowledge. The primary goal of this study was to analyze librarians' evolving roles in enhancing knowledge management in university libraries in Nairobi County. Expressly, the following objectives were set forth: to evaluate the knowledge management practices currently in use by librarians in Nairobi County University libraries; to investigate the role of librarians in fostering information literacy skills among users at Nairobi County University libraries; to assess the role of librarians in organizing knowledge at Nairobi County university libraries; and to assess the role of librarians in maintaining the cultural heritage at Nairobi County university libraries. The study was carried out at the Technical University of Kenya and the University of Nairobi, and the following theories anchored the unified theory of technology acceptance and use, the role theory, and the adaptive structural theory. This study used the descriptive survey research design targeting 2180 individuals, consisting of librarian section heads and information science students, who were identified across the two institutions. A sample size of 338 respondents was sampled from this population to take part in the research process. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. This comprised 314 students currently enrolled at TUK and UON in the School of Information Science and 12 librarian section heads from each university. The content validity was attained by selecting the questionnaire measuring items from the operational framework. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using version 26 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Consequently, a frequency distribution will also be employed to analyze the quantitative data obtained during the research. This will show how often each value occurs in a data set, mainly the mean, median, and mode measures of central tendency. Ethical considerations were observed in the study. The value of this study was to help provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolving roles of librarians in enhancing knowledge management, which was very useful in assisting university libraries in Nairobi County. Based on the collected findings, most students felt that librarians had the most influence on knowledge management at these institutions. In addition, the librarians also felt they were responsible for enhancing literacy skills among library users. When asked for recommendations on how to evaluate the knowledge management techniques currently used by librarians in the libraries of Nairobi County University, a few librarians were informed that conducting knowledge management audits, regular surveys and questionnaires, focus groups, and interviews would provide these organizations with the data they require to ascertain which particular techniques are employed and how successful they are overall at promoting effective knowledge management. Finally, all responders agreed to set explicit targets for their cultural preservation program when asked how universities might evaluate librarians' contributions to the preservation of cultural heritage at university libraries in Nairobi County. Based on available data, this study shows that while some aspects of effective knowledge management, such as technology application, are used throughout the knowledge management (KM) cycle, their full implementation is not observed at every cycle stage. The study also suggested that librarians should actively communicate with teachers and students, offering them specific guidance on where to look for, evaluate, and use information. The last proposal was that these universities offer accurate metrics, promote collaboration with cultural institutions, and equip librarians with the skills to evaluate how successfully university libraries preserve cultural assets.
An Assessment of Eco-Friendly Digital Records Management Practices for Promoting Environmental Sustainability: A Case Study of the Marsabit County Teaching and Referral Hospital
(KeMU, 2025-10) Diba, Bilinga Kosi
Environmental sustainability is a growing global concern, driving institutions to adopt eco-friendly practices in their daily operations. This study examined how paperless communication, digital archiving, cloud storage, and e-waste management contribute to sustainability at Marsabit County Teaching & Referral Hospital (MCTRH). Anchored on the Green Information Technology (Green IT) theory, a descriptive survey design was applied. Data were collected from 117 staff members through structured questionnaires and from three top managers via key informant interviews. Random sampling was used for staff, while key informants were purposively selected. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative insights were thematically analyzed. Instrument validity was ensured through expert review and pre-testing, and reliability confirmed with Cronbach’s Alpha values above 0.7. The study achieved a 97% response rate. Results indicated that paperless communication is moderately adopted, cutting paper use and costs while supporting sustainability. Digital archiving improved accessibility and reduced physical storage needs, though adoption was inconsistent. Cloud storage enhanced collaboration and accessibility, offering strong sustainability benefits despite infrastructural challenges. E-waste management practices were partial, signaling the need for structured recycling and safe disposal. Other initiatives, including solar energy, green campaigns, and electronic medical records, were evident though unevenly adopted. The study concludes that eco-friendly digital records management significantly fosters environmental sustainability among healthcare. It recommends stronger policies to institutionalize paperless communication, investment in reliable archiving and cloud systems, and robust e-waste management frameworks. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable healthcare management while offering practical implications for policymakers and administrators aiming to integrate green technologies into health information systems.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Non-Technical Approach to Cyber Security Management for Kenya Ministry of Lands and Physical Planning Nlims System.
(KeMU, 2024-10) NDUNG’U, GABRIEL
Cyber security threats and vulnerabilities are influenced by human behavior, making them complex systems. The conventional reductionist approach to managing technical aspects of cyber security is limited, as it cannot predict the non-technical aspects of cyber security. The complexity approach, however, offers a robust and effective way to predict social aspects of cyber security. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Ministry of Land's approach to non-technical cyber threats and vulnerabilities. Current studies focus predominantly on the technical aspect cyber security and less on social aspect of cyber security at the detriment of the social side so does the setup and implementation of information security system. In aggregate system that focus on the technical side are weak on the social aspect and predisposed to social-engineering attack, Data will be collected through face-to-face interviews with Ministry of land staff linked to the NLIMS system in Nairobi. The findings indicate that at least 70% of staff lack knowledge of social engineering attacks, their conduct, and skills to prevent or stop them. Lower-rank staff access information they are not authorized to access through the workstation resource sharing policy. The study reveals that KMLPP's non-technical approach to cyber security is ineffective in protecting sensitive information and preventing staff from accessing sensitive data through dumb star diving. It also highlights the vulnerability of lower-rank staff to shoulder surfing and workstation privacy exploits. The study proposes a socio-technical cybernetic enterprise model, which focuses on staff relationships and restricts information access without appropriate privileges, ensuring a more secure environment for NLIMS.
Behavioral Detection and Prevention of Cheating during Online Examination using Deep Learning Approach
(KeMU, 2023) Kiura, Gabriel Muchangi
With the expansion of new technologies over the last years learning has grown and universities are utilizing it in offering online exams. Cheating during has also gone up regardless of the technologies or means which universities are using. The study addressed the issues that are experienced during online evaluation of student taking exams, in universities. Currently many student engage in exam malpractice through copying during online exam. To be able to determine the behavioral metric data was downloaded from the free data repository. The data was processed, validated, trained and evaluated. Quantative research methods was used in this research. By analyzing distinct behavioral patterns and strategies employed by cheating students, the research provides valuable insights into the motivations and factors that drive such behavior. The study also identifies significant visual features present in images that indicate instances of cheating, which enhance the performance of deep learning models. Various deep learning models, including Dense Net, Mobile Net, ResNets, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), are developed and evaluated for detecting and classifying cheating behavior during online examinations. The evaluation results show that the Mobile Net model achieved the highest test accuracy of 93.4%, outperforming the other models. It demonstrated strong predictive ability, accurate classification, and efficient computation time. Additionally, the identification of significant visual features and the development of deep learning models tailored for cheating detection contribute to the field of automated cheating detection, providing a foundation for future research. However, certain limitations should be acknowledged. The performance of the deep learning models may be influenced by the quality and diversity of the training dataset, and further investigation is needed to determine their effectiveness in detecting evolving cheating strategies. Based on the evaluation findings and identified limitations, several recommendations are proposed. Firstly, improving the quality and diversity of the training dataset through data collection was recommended to enhance the performance of deep learning models. Continuous model training is essential to adapt to emerging cheating strategies, requiring regular incorporation of new instances of cheating behaviors into the training dataset. Further exploration and refinement of significant visual features can enhance model accuracy through feature engineering techniques. Ensemble methods, such as model averaging or stacking, should be considered to improve overall model performance. Collaboration among researchers, educators, and policymakers from different educational contexts can facilitate cross-context evaluation and provide insights into the generalizability of the models. The findings of the research can be used by policy maker when making decision patterning online exams to ensure there is credibility of the online exams. The findings also forms the bases of academia future research to improve on this research. Ethical considerations, including privacy concerns and fairness in the detection process, should be addressed transparently. Lastly, educational institutions should prioritize creating awareness and fostering a culture of academic integrity through comprehensive guidelines and student education
A Bio-Data Privacy Protection Framework for the Telecommunications Industry.
(KeMU, 2018-10) Katuu, Christopher Mwendwa
Telecommunications are since long subject to privacy discussions, not so much for questions about the ringing phone but for the sensibility of the information that can be extracted from telephone services. It is against this backdrop that this study sought to examine privacy issues concerning bio-data in the telecommunications sector in Kenya and subsequently develop a framework to address the challenges. The objectives were to examine threats and evaluate measures in place for ensuring privacy of bio data in telecommunication firms; to develop a framework on bio-data privacy and adopt one that can be used by the telecommunications sector to address the challenges of bio-data privacy and to validate the developed bio data privacy protection framework. A descriptive survey targeting information security professionals and users of information systems was carried out. All Kenyan telecommunications firms were targeted from where the departments directly involved in data security were purposively selected. A total of thirty one (31) IT security professionals participated in this survey. A structured questionnaire was used for collecting primary data for the study. From the study, quantitative as well as qualitative data was gathered. The collected data was analysed thematically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 to generate frequency tables and finally cumulative percentages which were thereafter tabulated and also presented in graphs and pie charts using Microsoft excel. The findings indicated that bio data privacy threats were rife in the telecommunication sector. The major bio-data privacy threats were computer viruses followed by data leakage. The other reported threats were denial of service attacks, software bugs, and spamming. The frequency of occurrence of the threats was reported to be rare. From the findings, training was the leading strategy for protecting bio data since majority of the respondents had received training in information security. A small numbers had not received any structured training on information security. In addressing the constraints and challenges faced by telecommunications firms, the findings assisted the researcher to develop a framework to be adopted by stake holders to ensure that there is privacy of customer‘s bio data. The proposed framework was reported by many respondents as being clear and systematic in the protection of bio data privacy. In conclusion, the study observes that bio data privacy threats are real in the ever growing and lucrative Kenyan telecommunications industry. It is recommended that telecommunication firms must identify and understand the privacy and security regulations that apply to the bio data they store, process, and transmit. They need also to implement a comprehensive bio data privacy protection framework like the one developed by the researcher.
Cloud Record Maintenance in Technical Vocational Education Training Institutions in Kenya: A Case Study of Nyandarua Institute of Science and Technology
(KeMU, 2020-11) Wangui, Kariuki Pauline
This study aimed at determining the challenges of record maintenance at the Nyandarua Institute of Science and Technology. The specific objectives of the study were; to determine the effect of cloud network accessibility on record maintenance, to establish the effect of cost of cloud on record maintenance, to examine the effect of cloud shared infrastructure on record maintenance, and determine the effect of cloud network security on record maintenance at Nyandarua Institute of Science and Technology. This study involved 125 respondents drawn from the Institution. A mixed research design was used. The researcher used a census of all the teaching staff, HODs, and the administrative staff that added up to 125 respondents. Content and construct validity were done by administering questionnaires to 10 respondents in the Nyeri Technical Institute. The Cronbach alpha coefficients were obtained from the SPSS to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire in measuring the cost-effectiveness, data security, shareability, and accessibility of the cloud technology. The scores of the alphas were network accessibility α = .809, Cost of Cloud α=.788 and Shared infrastructure α = .756 and Network security α = .789 which were all over 0.7 and were sufficient confirmation of data reliability for the independent variables. Data collected was compiled, sorted, edited, classified, and coded in readiness for analysis. It was analyzed using the SPSS software. The relationship between variables was established through correlation analysis. The regression analysis and ANOVA were used to test the significance of the independent variables on record maintenance. The response rate was 92% since 115 out of 125 questionnaires were received and used for analysis. The mode explained 75.7% of the variations in record maintenance The model fit was significant for the data since the F-value was 33.752 at p= .0051which was significant since p was less than 0.05 with 111 degrees of freedom which implies that Network accessibility, Cloud Cost, Shared infrastructure and network security have a significant, combined effect on record maintenance. Therefore, the study stated that cloud technology has a significant effect on record maintenance at the Nyandarua Institute of Science and Technology. Analysis of regression model coefficients was carried out and the results showed a positive constant of 2.875 The constant and all the independent variables were significant since their p-values were all less than 0.05. The study concluded that cloud technology will facilitate record maintenance. The study recommends that cloud network accessibility; cloud cost, cloud shared infrastructure, and cloud network security contribute significantly to cloud record maintenance.
Comparison of Tithonia Green Manure (Tithonia Diversifolia) ,Poultry Manure and Inorganic Nitrogenous Fertilizers as a Source of Nitrogen in Growing of Kales (Brassicae Oleracea) in Nyeri Municipality (Nyeri District).
(KeMU, 2010-06) Muchiri, Peter Mwangi
The research was conducted to compare the influence of tithonia diversifolia green manure, poultry manure, calcium ammonium nitrate ammonium sulphate nitrate and urea as a source of nitrogen in growing kales (Brassica oleracea) in Nyeri Municipality, Nyeri district. It was carried at Wambugu Farmers' Training Centre and at Kagumo Teachers' Training College, located in Nyeri municipality and separated by a distance of five kilometers. The treatments were solely applied in two levels of 30 kgs N/ha and 60 kgs of N/ha. Except for tithonia green manure, all the other treatments were administered at the time of transplanting. The experiment was a completely Randomized Block design with five treatments in two levels replicated three times. Individual plots measured (4x3) meters at interplant and inter row spacing of 60 cms and 60 cms respectively. The inter-plot spacing was 50 cms and inter-block spacing was 100 cms .The fresh weight of kales was compared for all the treatments as well as the control. The data collected was subjected to F-test using SPSS proprietary software (version 12.0).Treatment means found to be significantly different from each other were separated by Duncan Multiple Range Test at (a<0.05).Results showed that tithonia applied at 60 kgs of N/ha produced the highest fresh weight of kales followed by CAN at similar rates. The difference was significant ( a<0.05) and higher by an average of 7.65 % from the two experimental sites. Nevertheless, it was not easily available during the traditional planting season in the region. Further research is needed to explore the possibility of drying and grinding tithonia green manure to produce foliar spray or organic solid fertilizer .This would solve the relatively high labor requirements required for biomass transfer.
The Contaminating Effects of Coffee Processing Honey Water, Case of Othaya Coffee Society, Nyeri County, Kenya
(KeMU, 2024-09) Mutua, Paul Mbua
The release of untreated honey water from green coffee processing poses a significant threat to surface water contamination, directly impacting the livelihoods of downstream communities. This study aimed to evaluate the contaminating effects of honey water emissions from coffee processing on surface waters. Specifically, the study sought to determine the levels of contaminants in honey water from coffee processing, assess the degree of pollution caused by these emissions, and examine the socio-economic impacts on affected populations. A mixed-methods research design was employed for this study. The research site was divided into experimental units, with four blocks (I–IV) and three treatments (K–M) per block, each containing three sub-samples (1–3). To minimize variability across tests from the same target area, the study employed a total squares randomized design with four combined replicates to create a test turnover table, which was used to determine variability between test objectives (p < 0.05). The study collected a total of sixteen samples: twelve surface water samples from upstream, midstream, and downstream locations, and four untreated honey water samples from coffee processing lagoons. The physicochemical properties of these samples were thoroughly analyzed. In addition, the study incorporated qualitative data through open and closed-ended questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze responses from 79 members of the Othaya Coffee Society Management and 30 nearby households, focusing on their perceptions of the contaminating effects of honey water on surface waters. The findings revealed that coffee processing operations by the Othaya Coffee Society had detrimental effects on the local communities by polluting nearby surface waters with untreated coffee waste. The physicochemical analysis indicated that the water sources had elevated acidity, high organic matter content, increased chemical oxygen demand, and elevated concentrations of nutrients (nitrates, phosphates), as well as suspended solids—all of which contributed to deteriorating water quality. The analysis further confirmed that the effluents discharged by the wet coffee processing industry did not meet the World Health Organization's standards for treated effluent released into surface waters. Based on these findings, the study recommended that the Othaya Coffee Society and other coffee industries in the region implement proper wastewater treatment facilities to ensure that only treated effluent is discharged into water bodies. Furthermore, continuous enforcement of wastewater discharge regulations by authorities such as the National Environmental Management Authority is essential. The study also called for further research to examine the effects of coffee pulp on water contamination and to evaluate the role of urban planning policies in managing industrial wastewater in areas like Othaya town.