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Alternatives to Corporal Punishment for Improving Students’ Discipline In Public Secondary Schools In Eldama Ravine Sub-County, Baringo-Kenya
(KeMU, 2021-09) Kipkertich, Winnie Jeruto
Learning institutions are expected to shape the moral behavior of students by providing code of conduct and ensure compliance to standards rules and regulations. However, due to various reasons, students often do not follow these rules and regulations as characterized by many cases of indiscipline among students in public secondary schools. Despite introduction of alternatives to corporal punishment by government, there are prevalent cases of indiscipline among students in public secondary schools. This study was set out to assess the efficacy of alternatives to corporal punishment as measures for improving students’ discipline in public secondary schools in Eldama Ravine Sub-County, Baringo, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to determine how guidance and counseling, involvement of student leaders in decision making, chaplaincy services, and rules and regulations affected improvement of student discipline in public secondary schools in Eldama Ravine Sub-County, Baringo Kenya. This study was guided by cognitive behavioral theory, contingency theory and Bandura self-efficacy theories. Descriptive survey research design was applied to collect data from 14 public secondary schools in Eldama Ravine sub-county in Baringo Kenya. The respondents were principals, teachers, counselors, chaplains and students. The study selected principals, counsellors and chaplains through census method. Teachers were sampled using simple random sampling technique. The students were first be sampled using stratified sampling method. Second, purposive sampling technique was then be used to only include students who were class prefects for uniformity. Both self-administered questionnaires and interview guides were utilized to collect data. One self-administered questionnaire was answered by teachers, counselors and chaplains while the other questionnaire was answered by students. School principals/deputies were interviewed accordingly. Pre-test enabled checking reliability and validity. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as median, frequencies and percentage. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data which was presented using tables and graphs. The overall results showed that the model was valid and was statistically significant, but each construct became insignificant in a combined model. All alternatives to corporal punishments work together (they were jointly significant, (P=0.028) and hence all of them should be emphasized and strengthened to address students’ discipline in secondary schools. The study found out that the secondary schools had put commendable focus on ensuring rules and regulations reduced indiscipline cases in secondary schools. Moreover, there was less attention on the relevance of chaplaincy in secondary schools. Though the government had previously put effort in strategizing to post spiritual leaders to all public secondary schools, three years later, which was yet to be operationalized fully. The study recommended that the ministry of education to liaise with clergy association of Kenya to get qualified chaplains that would be permanently posted in various secondary schools.
The Ameru Traditional naming methods: The effects of Christianity and missionary education on traditional naming culture.
(KeMU, 2014-06) Kioga, Mburugu M'nkanata
In all human communities individuals are identified by names. The process by which these identities are stamped on the person depends on the cultures of the society where the person hails from. Traditionally the Ameru peoples had developed more than two naming methods. The first name of a boy or girl child was given by a caucus of elderly women from the village or family soon after the child was born. The second name given to a Boy-child was by warriors after initiation/circumcision when he was deemed to have attained adulthood. The girl-child never acquired a new or second name until after her marriage. But this traditional system only held sway before the advent of Christianity which invaded the African societies during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Thereafter Christianity supplanted traditional by injecting totally new and strange naming systems and nomenclatures. The research problem on this study therefore was to explore and explain the Ameru traditional naming methods and systems before the advent of Christianity and how these traditions were impacted by it thereafter. The scope of the study endeavors to answer the research questions and to investigate the problem statement in the research proposal and how to achieve the objectives of the study. The geographical area already covered and the targeted population encompass all the six Meru linguistic dialects spoken within the territorial area inhabited by the community. There is considerable scarcity of written literature on this topic within the entire East Africa Region. The research method which was designed for this study encompassed sample survey using purposive or judgmental method. The data collection methods comprised of key informants interviews, selected respondents for interview schedules and group discussion with identified community elders and sages. The questionnaires were administered by the researcher in person among the more literate young parents and youths. The target population was selected from the knowledgeable elderly members of the community from each linguistic dialects of the Meru peoples. Some older respondents who experienced early missionary conversion to Christianity were also interviewed on the methods adopted by the missionaries to convert the populace into Christianity. The limitation experienced in this research is that with scarce written records the researcher has to almost entirely rely on the fading memories of the older generation who are themselves fast fading away. It is therefore strongly recommended that in order to preserve the African traditions and cultures, the educated Africans do record their traditions in permanent records that will guide the future generations of our peoples.
Analysis of factors that influence drugs and substance abuse among secondary school students in Imenti North District.
(KeMU, 2014-06) Mukomunene, Pamela
Drug and substance abuse has continued to be an issue of great concern during the past several years with a great number of people reported as drug abusers in the world and being a serious problem affecting secondary school students. Drug and substance abuse has numerous biological, psychological and social adverse consequences. The menace has been reported as being influenced by different factors which include mass media, availability of drugs, peer pressure, curiosity, and availability of funds, boredom, harsh school rules and poor parenting. The study being carried out is aimed at analyzing the factors that influence drug and substance abuse among secondary school students in lmenti North District. The research objectives for the study were whether peer pressure, mass media, amount of money given to students and availability of drugs influence drug and substance abuse among secondary school students in Imenti North. The target population was composed of 10,663 students from the 43 secondary schools in Miriga Mieru East and West divisions. Questionnaires were prepared and used in the collection of primary data from the deputy principals, teachers and students. Prior to administration, the questionnaires were pilot tested to facilitate validation and assessment of reliability. The data was analyzed manually at the end of which results were displayed using frequency distribution tables, percentages and pie charts. The study concluded that drugs and substance abuse was influenced by different factors. These were categorized into major and minor factors, the major factors included mass media, peer pressure, availability of. Drugs and the amount of pocket money given to the students. The study, therefore, recommends that parents and guardians should avoid giving a lot of pocket money to their children; the government should come up with ways to fight drugs found within the students' reach.
Analysis Of Select Determinants of Job Satisfaction Among Tutors in Technical Training Institutions in Meru County, Kenya
(KeMU, 2025-09) Faith, Majau Nkatha
The contribution that tutors make towards the imparting knowledge and skills to students is paramount. That notwithstanding, there has been an acute shortage of qualified tutors in Kenyan technical training institutes due to poor satisfaction with their roles. The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of select determinants of job satisfaction among tutors in technical training institutions in Meru County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to examine the influence of learning facilities, remuneration, promotion, and tutors’ recognition, on job satisfaction of tutors in technical training institutions in Meru County, Kenya. The study was guided by two theories which include the Herzberg two-factor theory and the expectancy theory. Further, cross-sectional research design was administered in the consideration of collecting data from various participants such as principals, HR managers, departmental heads and tutors at one single point in time. The study targeted 7 TTIs in Meru County, involving 261 tutors, 7 principals, 14 HR managers, and 40 HODs. Using purposive and random sampling, it selected 7 principals, 7 HR managers, 36 HODs, and 158 tutors, with Yamane’s formula guiding the sample size determination. The study used questionnaires and interviews to gather data from tutors, department heads, principals, and HR managers in Technical Training Institutions (TTIs), with a pilot study at Chuka Technical College. It assessed reliability and three types of validity, analyzed data using SPSS and thematic analysis, and found that learning facilities enhanced tutor satisfaction. However, ICT infrastructure was lacking, pay was only sufficient for basic needs, and promotion policies caused dissatisfaction. The study recommended improved ICT infrastructure, stable pay frameworks, inclusive promotion policy revisions, and support for tutor research. Future studies should include universities to broaden findings.
Analysis of Social-Cultural Factors that Affect Pupils Retention in Primary Schools in North Horr Sub-County, Marsabit County- Kenya
(KeMU, 2020-11) Munyalo, Malelu Sylvester
Learners in pastoralist communities have been experiencing challenges in acquiring the basic education because of social cultural factors such as cultural rites, early marriages and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). The nomadic lifestyle makes it difficult for children to access formal education consistently. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of social cultural factors on learner retention in primary schools in North Horr Sub County, Marsabit County, Kenya. The study was guided by four objectives which investigated issues that included: causes of low retention, the social cultural factors that promoted low retention, the retention rates in schools and the mitigation strategies that were put in place to reduce low retention rates. It was conducted in primary schools in North Horr Sub County. Theoretical framework employed was Vincent Tinto’s model on learner departure which best explained the greatest influence on our understanding of learner’s retention. The study embraced descriptive survey design and focused in primary schools in North Horr Sub County. A sample size of five primary schools was selected where information was provided by head teachers and teachers. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires so as to gather both qualitative and quantitative data. The validity and reliability of the research instruments was established before collecting data. For reliability this study obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.7. The study used SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 20 to analyze data where computation on frequencies and percentages was done. The study established that there was high rate of gender imbalance in primary schools in North Horr Sub County of Marsabit County. Pupils educational aspirations were being thwarted by social cultural factors such as female genital mutilation, nomadism, early marriages and community low perception of education. The study established that the retention rates in primary schools were low especially for girls across all the years. The study recommended strategies such as construction of more boarding schools, establishment of mobile schools, sensitizing parents on the need for education as an alternative to pastoralism life; offering guidance and counseling to the pupils especially when they undergo FGM and sponsoring the poor pupils for uniform would go a long way in retaining more learners in school.
An analysis of the factors influencing performance of physics in secondary schools in Othaya District.
(KeMU, 2011-05) Wanja, Kariuki Tabitha
The performance of science subjects is an important to achieve an industrialized nation. This study investigated the management factors that influence the performance and enrolment of physics as a science in Othaya District Central Province. Ex-Post facto research design was adopted. The study was carried out among physics teachers and Head of Departments, Principals and Members of the Board of Governors in 28 schools in Othaya District. Head of Departments' Questionnaire, Physics teachers' Questionnaire, and Principals' Questionnaire containing both closed and open ended items were used to collect data. Data was analyzed through the statistical package for Social Sciences (S.P.S.S) version 10. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Tests of significance were performed at a 0.05. The results of the study indicated that there were challenges facing schools in management of physics ranging from lack of suitable and qualified laboratories technicians, lack of properly equipped laboratory and financial constraints. All these affect performance of physics. The results could therefore be useful to policy makers in the Ministry of Education and school administrations. This report may lead to the development of projects to equip the science laboratories to suit the needs of individual schools and also improve the existing ones. The results also provide an insight into an in-service training of laboratory technicians and assistants to allow quality services. The physics teacher student ratio will also assist the Teachers Service Commission (T.S.C) in recruitment of teachers to the schools that deserve. Lastly the study will add knowledge in the areas of education planning and development and hence be used as a basis to allocate development funds where need be.
An analysis of the implementation of management strategies for teachers safety at the workplace in public secondary schools in Kenya: a case of Mombasa county, Kenya.
(KeMU, 2017-06) Cherera, Juliana Whonge
This study sought to analyze the implementation of management strategies for teachers’ safety in public secondary schools in Mombasa County, Kenya. Serious cases of teacher’ safety have been reported in Kenya and world over in the recent past. The study was based on the stakeholder’s theory and was carried out between 2010 and 2015. The area of study was Mombasa County which is a cosmopolitan town which had instances of teachers’ insecurity. Teachers’ safety was the dependent variable while the implementation of the management strategies was the independent variable. The researcher used a descriptive research study design to source information in its real life situation without having to manipulate the variables. The number of the study units in this study were thirty three (33) public secondary schools in the County. The population of this study was a total of 562 teachers distributed in 33 public secondary schools across the entire geographical area. Disproportionate stratified sampling was used in identifying the respondents in this study to ensure representativeness. Data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire accompanied by an observation checklist administered concurrently to ensure content validity. The data collected was analyzed using the descriptive data analysis technique and presented using histograms, frequency tables, graphs and pie-charts. The research findings were that implementation of training strategy was at 44%, Safety of equipment and staff rooms at 55%, communication strategy at 15% and the general perception of teachers’ safety in respect to principal’s commitment was at 12%. Data was presented using histograms, frequency tables, graphs and pie-charts. The researcher concluded that teachers’ safety in public secondary schools in Mombasa County is wanting. Managers do not fully implement the recommended strategies from the occupation health and safety Act 2007. Further research work was recommended in analyzing the correlation between teachers’ safety and teachers’ turnover in public schools.
Assessing factors affecting pastoral leadership transition in church: A case of Pentecostal churches in Kenya Molo Sub-county, Kenya.
(KeMU, 2018-10) Njoroge, Jossy Kamau
Due to lack of defined transition structures transition period in many of the pentecostal churches becomes a period which produces considerable anxiety, confusion, ambiguity, and uncertainty. Therefore the study sought to determine factors affecting pastoral leadership transitions among pentecostal churches in Molo Sub-County. The study was guided by the following specific objectives. To find out the pastoral leadership transition mechanism in place in the pentecostal churches in Molo Sub-County, to investigate the extent of the problem regarding pastoral leadership transition within pentecostal churches in Molo Sub-County and to examine factors that affect pastoral leadership transition within pentecostal churches in Molo Sub-County. The finding of the study is of great importance to various stakeholders. The study is of help policy maker in the church to formulate policies to address challenges facing the leadership transition and• enact best policies and procedures in leadership transition. The study employed a descriptive cross sectional research design. This study total target population was 51 pastors and 126 church leaders from pentecostal churches in Molo Sub-County. The pastors and leaders was considered for their involvement in church leadership. The study used Andrew Fishers formula to get ,,<' a sample of 121 respondents. The researcher further used stratified sampling technique to select a sample from each targeted churches. The study used both primary and secondary source of data. The questionnaires contained both open ended questions and closed ended questions. Closed ended questions allow specific types of responses provided by the researcher while open ended type, the respondents stated responses as they wish. Open-ended questionnaire was used to get opinion from the study subjects. After analysis data was presented in tables due to ease of interpretation information presented in tables. From the findings the researcher concluded majority of churches have no constitution, but some of the churches have formal leadership structures for those who have structure the structures are not effective in leadership transition. Criteria used by churches in leadership transition include negotiated leadership, promotion of juniors, making appointments and through vetting but majority of the churches promote their juniors during leadership succession. Consideration made by churches during pastoral leadership include age, education level, year of service and commitment of the aspire but majority of churches consider education level during pastoral leadership. From the conclusion the researcher recommended that church leadership should establish a criteria for leadership transition which ensure smooth leadership transition, this will reduce chances of existence of splitter groups.
Assessment of attainment of language and arithmetic skills among pupils in public primary schools in Kieni west sub-county, Nyeri county
(KeMU, 2015-06) Wangechi, Margaret Macharia
ABSTRACT The study was motivated by the rising concerns on 'quality of education provided through free primary education in Kenya. Measures of quality education fall into five categories, namely: attainment, success in transition, monitoring of school education, resources and structures indicators. Indicators of attainment of basic literacy and numeracy skills in primary education include skills in mathematics, reading, and writing. Reading, mathematics and writing are considered as indicators of educational attainment because they provide essential knowledge tools and provide the foundations for lifelong learning. This study carried out an assessment of attainment of language and arithmetic skills among pupils in selected public primary schools in Kieni West Sub-County, Nyeri County. The study was guided by three objectives which include; assessing the level of arithmetic skills, writing and reading skills in a bid to help address challenges of educational attainment in primary schools in Kieni West Sub-County. The target population was 6158 respondents. A sample size of 646 respondents which translated to 10% for all the pupils and 20% for the head teachers and teachers was selected through stratified random sampling in which enrolment was the major consideration. A pilot study was conducted on a population of 66 respondents and adjustments made to the research instruments. Data was collected using questionnaires for teachers and standardized assessment tests for pupils as well as interview schedule for District Education Officer (D.E.0.). The collected data was analyzed through qualitative and quantitative methods and the results presented in tables and bar charts. The findings of the study provided information on the level of learning in primary schools, in order to take effective measures regarding the implementation of curriculum at school level. The. Study found that the level ?f arithmetic, reading and writing skills among the pupils in public. Primary schools in Kieni West Sub-County was average. The major challenge facing performance ~n reading and writing skills was the prevalent use of vernacular (Kikuyu) in communication while performance in mathematics was hampered by learners’' negative attitudes towards the subject. The study recommended that use of English and Kiswahili in communication be made mandatory and guidance and counselling should focus on changing learners' negative attitudes.
Assessment of Factors Contributing to Low Church Attendance and Absenteeism: A Case of Methodist Church in Kenya Nyambene Synod, Meru County, Kenya
(KeMU, 2022-10) Kithure, Gerald
Regular Church attendance is often an indicator of Christians’ commitment and faith in God. Right from the New Testament, the Church has been symbolic, an assembly of followers of Christ who congregate regularly with an aim of worshipping God together in faith. It follows then that the Low Church attendance and absenteeism undermines Christian faith and the ability of the Church to meet ministry goals. The study sought to investigate the contribution of home based factors, the socio economic factors, and Church based factors that contribute to Low Church attendance and absenteeism. A study was guided by secularization theory under postmodernism philosophy which advocates that as science and technology continue to shape the world social changes in power and class structure tend to persist in similar forms as well (Heywood 2012).The data for the study was mainly quantitative. Simple random and purposive sampling was used to collect the data .The target population comprised of 28,015 men, women and youth members in MCK Nyambene Synod. A descriptive research design was employed for this study with a sample of 379 respondents who were selected through random sampling. Data was collected using two questionnaires, one for the youth and the other for adult members. Prior to the main study, a pilot study with a sample of 38 respondents was conducted in Miathene Synod. Analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 25) in which the researcher performed descriptive statistical analyses to determine and rank specific factors that affected Church attendance in line with the study’s objectives. Two variables were considered that is Low Church attendance and absenteeism. It was established that Home based factors and Church based factors were significantly associated with Church low attendance and absenteeism. In respect to home based factors, poor family background, lack of monies to channel during fundraisers, unfriendly relationship between youth and parents, and lack of parental guidance greatly contributed to church absenteeism.Thus, parents should endeavour to inculcate a warm and cordial relationship with their children to increase the prevalence of their children’s Church attendance.In regard to Church based factors, lengthy sermons, non involvement of youth in Church activities and lack of uniformity in treatment of members led to church absenteeism. Hence, ministers of the word should strive to ensure that their sermons are precise and straight forward. Socio economic factors were not significantly associated with Low Church attendance and absenteeism. School/work engagements were not a major hindrance to Church attendance and absenteeism however the Church leadership should organize team building activities for the respective Church groups to ensure harmonious relationship and avoid stigma and criticism that is ignited from difference family economic status.In addition, Church leadership should devise creative ways of engaging the youth since inactive youth engagement is associated with Church absenteeism. Since the study focused on Churches under the Methodist Church in Kenya, it is suggested that the study be extended to other Churches to assess whether different findings may be reached regarding factors contributing to Low Church attendance and absenteeism
Assessment of managerial roles of stakeholders in influencing academic performance of students in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education ; a case of Imenti North District.
(KeMU, 2011-06) Nkatha, Mutuma Margaret
Students in Kenya's secondary schools take four years to prepare for higher education. Most students start to shape their future in pursuing subjects that will take them to their careers at this level. Secondary education has been characterized by relatively poor performance in national examinations, especially in the core subjects, such as mathematics and sciences in Imenti North District (Eastern Province). There are many managerial factors interacting with each other to bring about this scenario. The main objective of the study was to assess the importance of managerial roles of stakeholders in influencing academic performance of students in KCSE in Imenti North District - Kenya. Descriptive survey research was employed where 20 public secondary schools were sampled using purposive sampling. 260 Board of Governors members, 20 headteachers, 109 teachers, 400 parents and 200 students in selected schools were used as respondents. A pilot study was carried out in one school outside the Imenti North District which was not included in the actual study in order to establish the reliability of the research instrument and also to find out whether the wording was clear. Data collection was done by use of questionnaires. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The findings of the researcher were; most schools faced the problems of limited funds, poverty, BOG members lacked frequent capacity building seminars, schools lacked adequate physical facilities to facilitate proper learning, teachers handled many students in a class, parents do not give full support to their schools and students do not work hard. There was also inadequate school inspection and _ auditing and the problem of understaffing in most schools. The recommendations of the researcher were; that Board of Governors in public secondary schools require frequent capacity building seminars on management of schools, that headteachers and teachers need to work as a team, that parents need to give more support to their schools, that students need to work hard, that the government require to remit more funds to secondary schools, post more teachers to understaffed schools, and as much as possible avoid involvement of politicians in BOG nominations and that the Ministry of Education need to intensify school inspection and auditing exercises. The information from this research can be used by school managers, researchers and the Ministry of Education to chart ways of improving KCSE results and not only in Imenti North District but also in Kenya.
Assessment of nutrition counseling services offered to diabetic patients and its effect on adherence to therapies and treatment at the Nakuru Provincial General Hospital, Kenya
(KeMU, 2012-06) Karanja, Lucy W
Poor health has been a global issue which has been associated with the impediment of productivity, economic growth and poverty eradication. It has been estimated that 32 percent of the global burdens of disease are caused by dietary complications. All millennium development goals are in one way or the other related to good nutrition intake. Nutritional Counseling has been credited for ensuring that people are aware of their dietary choices hence avoiding nutritional complications. This is more essential to diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Counseling services offered to diabetic patients in Nakuru Provincial General Hospital, Kenya. In order to have the study carried out successfully, a descriptive survey was used to assess the effectiveness of nutritional Counseling services. The sample consisted of 283 respondents that included 8 dieticians and 275 diabetic patients. Stratified random sampling where the total population was split into two distinct samples (diabetic patients and dieticians) based on their demographics. After obtaining permission from all relevant authorities, the researcher collected the data in form of responses through structured questionnaires. Expert judgment was used to improve on content and construct validity of the items. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The study established that there was a significant relationship between the patient’s nutritional knowledge and recovery rate. Majority of the patients were not adhering to the recommended therapy. There was a statistically significant influence of nutritional counselors’ knowledge of diabetic management and diabetics’ recovery rate. There was also a significant relationship between the economic status of patients and adherence to therapy. This study recommends that the government must take an active role in promoting the nutritional counseling services offered in hospitals by employing more dieticians, intensifying awareness campaigns on the recommended diet for the diabetics. Civil society and religious groups must also take an active role by holding workshop and seminars to sensitize the community about the diabetic condition, psychological support and fighting against stigma to the patients. Additionally, dieticians need to be aware of the current recommendations for diabetic patients so as to pass it on to their clients. Male nutritionists/dieticians should also be trained to encourage more male patients to attend counseling sessions. The researcher suggests a further research on the level of stakeholders input in promoting nutritional counseling in hospitals and an assessment on whether patients actually adhere to the diet by doing a 24 hour recall.
assessment of nutritional counseling services offered to diabetic patients and its effects on adherence to therapies and treatment at the Nakuru Provincial General hospital.
(KeMU, 2012-06) Karanja, Lucy W.
Poor health has been a global issue which has been associated with the impediment of productivity, economic growth and poverty eradication. It has been estimated that 32 percent of the global burdens of disease are caused by dietary complications. All millennium development goals are in one way or the other related to good nutrition intake. Nutritional Counselling has been credited for ensuring that people are aware of their dietary choices hence avoiding nutritional complications. This is more essential to diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Counselling services offered to diabetic patients in Nakuru Provincial General Hospital, Kenya. In order to have the study carried out successfully, a descriptive survey was used to assess the effectiveness of nutritional Counselling services. The sample consisted of 283 respondents that included 8 dieticians and 275 diabetic patients. Stratified random sampling where the total population was split into two distinct samples (diabetic patients and dieticians) based on their demographics. After obtaining permission from all relevant authorities, the researcher collected the data in form of responses through structured questionnaires. Expert judgment was used to improve on content and construct validity of the items. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The study established that there was a significant relationship between the patient's nutritional knowledge and recovery rate. Majority of the patients were not adhering to the recommended therapy. There was a statistically significant influence of nutritional counselors' knowledge of diabetic management and diabetics' recovery rate. There was also a significant relationship between the economic status of patients and adherence to therapy. This study recommends that the government must take an active role in promoting the nutritional counselling services offered in hospitals by employing more dieticians, intensifying awareness campaigns on the recommended diet for the diabetics. Civil society and religious groups must also take an active role by holding workshop and seminars to sensitize the community about the diabetic condition, psychological support and fighting against stigma to the patients. Additionally, dieticians need to be aware of the current recommendations for diabetic patients so as to pass it on to their clients. Male nutritionists/dieticians should also be trained to encourage more male patients to attend counselling sessions. The researcher suggests a further research on the level of stakeholders input in promoting nutritional counselling in hospitals and an assessment on whether patients actually adhere to the diet by doing a 24 hour recall.
An Assessment of the Challenges Facing Implementation of Guidance and Counseling Programme in Public Secondary Schools: A Case of Lugari Sub County, Kakamega County, Kenya
(KeMU, 2020-11) Magero, Rebecca Amambia
Students studying in public secondary schools in Kakamega County, Lugari Sub-County have a range of challenges, these include, deteriorating academic performance, drug and substance abuse, low self-esteem, theft cases among themselves, socially unacceptable sexual behaviour such as lesbianism and sodomy, destruction of school property, arson attacks, teenage pregnancies and risky abortions, as well, as serious grudges between learners and their teachers. These problems exist despite the fact that guidance and counselling programmes were established in public Secondary Schools in 1970s.This study carried out an assessment on the challenges facing implementation of guidance and counselling programme in public Secondary Schools in Lugari Sub-County. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The target population was 21 principals, 42 Guidance and Counselling teachers, as well as, 336 teachers in public Secondary Schools in Lugari Sub-County, making a total of 399 subjects. The sample size was composed of 30% of the total target population which was 120 subjects. The 120 subjects were composed of 6 principals, 12 guidance and counselling teachers and 102 public secondary school teachers from the study area. A pilot test was carried out on the instruments in two Secondary Schools using test/retest method, with a two weeks interval between the tests to enable assessment of both validity and reliability of the data collection instruments. Simple random sampling was used to select 30% of the principals. However, purposeful sampling was used to select the 30% of the guidance and counselling teachers. Simple random sampling, purposeful, as well as, stratified random sampling were used to select teachers from the schools where the principals were drawn. Stratified sampling was necessary because teachers were selected with respect to their populations in the six schools. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results were presented, using frequency distributions, percentages and narratives for qualitative results. The study established that principals’ support to the G&C department was minimal as principals gave less weight to this department. The study established that schools had G&C departments but lacked teachers with G&C skills. In some schools either the principal or the senior teacher was in charge of G&C yet they lacked relevant skills. The study noted that G&C teachers were overwhelmed with responsibilities as most of them held dual responsibilities, such as, being class teachers and games teachers, besides handling their respective lessons in their teaching subjects. This limited their contribution to G&C which, subsequently contributed to unruly behaviour among students. The study established that G&C teachers had personal issues, such as, bereavement, family status and past experiences in life that negatively affected them when handling their counselling roles. The study recommends that: school principals should provide G&C teachers maximum support so as to ensure that discipline is maintained through counselling in the secondary schools. Teachers should take in-service courses and short seminars in G&C. This will make them skilled in G&C. School principals should ensure optimum time for G&C teachers so that the teachers can devote more time for the G&C activities. G&C teachers should share information on issues affecting them because in such interactions they can encourage each other in the process of G&C.
Assessment of the Effects of HIV Related Stigma on Self- Esteem of Pupils in Public Primary Schools in Kiambu County
(KeMU, 2023-09) Wambugu, Jennifer Wangari
With the increased cases of Human Immune Deficiency Virus related stigma, there is increased need to ensure People Living With Human Immune Deficiency Virus don’t face stigma which eventually lowers their self-esteem. Specifically, pupils living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have been victims of stigmatization and are often the most understood thus most affected by low self-esteem as a result of stigmatization. There is need for accurate evaluation of the health needs of the community specifically those living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus. This study sought to establish the effects of Human Immune Deficiency Virus related stigma on the self-esteem of pupils in Kiambu County. The study’s main objectives were to establish the effect of discrimination, denial of service, and isolation on pupils' self-esteem in Kiambu County. Besides, the study sought to establish strategies and interventions put in place and how they influence the self-esteem of pupils in Kiambu County facing Human Immune Deficiency Virus-related stigma. The study was supported by the psychosocial theory and the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory. The study evaluated how discrimination, denial of service, isolation, and interventions in place affect the self-esteem of pupils in Kiambu county. The study used a quantitative research design specifically utilizing descriptive design to identify the relationship between the different variables. A descriptive research design was used since it easily describes various attributes, values, attitudes, and changes in behavior of the respondents. The demographic of interest were 2000 pupils in classes 7 and 8 from public primary schools in Kiambu County. The sample size was 333 students based on a random sampling approach with an assurance level of 95%, which corresponded to 16.65% of the overall population. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect data. The study ensured validity by conducting a pilot test involving 25 participants to assess questionnaire clarity, comprehensibility, and relevance. Reliability was established through a pilot study employing Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, a statistical method assessing internal consistency. The approach enhanced the accuracy and consistency of the research findings, thus ensuring robustness in the data collection process. To ensure the confidentiality of the collected data, each questionnaire was assigned a unique identification code, dissociated from any personal information. Besides, the responses were anonymized, and no identifying details were requested in the questionnaire. The completed questionnaires were collected in sealed envelopes to prevent unauthorized access to the information. The researcher used descriptive data analysis techniques which included means, frequencies, standard deviations and percentages. The researcher used SPSS to be able to come up with comprehensive data. The study established that there was a positive significant relationship between discrimination, denial of services and isolation supported by an overall mean of 2.52. The increase in the levels of discrimination, denial of services and isolation increased the levels of low self-esteem among pupils. Further, the study established intervention measures that can help to reduce the high rates of low self-esteem among pupils. The study recommended that the top management in government and education sector should device strategies and policies that address the psychological needs of children. Also, the research recommended that Education sector introduce a policy for organizations to have family support services and include the pupils affected or infected with Human Immune Deficiency Virus.
Assessment of the impact of boy-girl relationship on academic performance among public secondary school students in Imenti North sub county, Meru Kenya.
(KeMU, 2018-04) Chiamaka, Eze Joy
Boy-girl relationships are expressions of adolescents’ deep and strong emotional desires towards the opposite gender. Boy-girl relationships usually start when adolescents meet with the opposite gender and they develop attraction or feelings of likeness towards each other. Students are expected to concentrate and focus on their studies in order to succeed academically. Boy-girl relationships among adolescents have been suggested as one of the factors influencing students’ academic performance negatively. Poor academic performance has been associated with the emotional and cognitive impact of boy-girl relationships among secondary school students in Imenti North Sub-County Meru. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of boy-girl relationships among public secondary school students of Imenti North Sub-County, Meru, Kenya. The study was guided by the following objectives: to establish the prevalence of boy-girl relationships among secondary school students, to examine the emotional effect of boy-girl relationships on academic performance among secondary school students, to analyze the cognitive effect of boy-girl relationships on academic performance among secondary school students and to explore psycho-educational interventions implemented to mitigate negative impact of boy-girl relationships on students’ academic performance. The study anchored on the need to belong theory which unveils the motivation behind boy-girl relationships and how maintaining frequent and consistency in the relationship can result to emotional and cognitive issues among secondary school students; which in turn affect their academic performance negatively. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population for this study consisted of 72 public secondary schools; 144 teachers and 1,440 Form three students in North Imenti Sub-County. Random sampling and stratified sampling techniques was used to select 10% of the schools, students and teachers. Seven public schools from Sub-County schools, extra County schools and County schools were chosen to sample the 144 students and 14 teachers. Data was collected by means of self-administered questionnaires and interviews. A pre-test study was carried out on 7 secondary school students and 3 teachers in 2 schools within the neighboring Sub-County, Buuri to ensure the reliability/feasibility of the questionnaire. Validity was assured by careful choice of indicators in line with the objectives and consultation with the supervisors. Data collected were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), organized and presented in charts and tables. A total of 98 students’ questionnaires were successfully completed as well as all the teachers’ questionnaire, hence a 70.9% return rate was achieved. The findings of the study revealed that boy-girl relationships were predominant and widely spread among adolescent students, the emotional and cognitive effect of boy-girl relationships had adverse effect on the students’ performance and teachers (amidst other psycho-educational interventions) played more significant role in mitigating negative impact of boy-girl relationships on students’ academic performance. Thus, guidance and counseling departments in secondary schools should take the high prevalence of students’ past and current engagement into account when designing programs. The policy makers in the health and education sector should design policy of providing students with information about skills and attitudes on interpersonal relationships. Secondary school teachers should occasionally examine and give attention to students’ level of concentrations in their respective classes. Parents, counselors, church leaders and teachers should maintain an approachable attitude for students to discuss their personal issues as it relates to boy-girl relationships. All these can aid to mitigate the negative impact of boy-girl relationships on academic performance among secondary school students.
Assessment of the role of the church in re-integration of Ex-prisoners to the community: A case of protestant churches in Nakuru town.
(KeMU, 2018-10) Ngeno, Stephen Kiprono
The church is ordained by God to preach .the Good news to the needy and to heal the broken hearted and proclaim freedom for the captives and release from darkness for the prisoners .. The church is called of God to provide hope to those who are hopeless and to transform the lives of those who are crooked to come to the light of Jesus Christ. Therefore it goes without saying that the church has a great stake in the rehabilitation of prisoners and in the reintegration of the same back to the community. Kenya prisons have engaged fully in rehabilitation of prisoners by providing them with skills that would help them when they get out of prisons to earn a living. Howe er this has not helped the prisoners who are exiting out of prisons to reintegrate successfully with the community which in one way or the other they offended. There are a lot of incidences reported where ex-prisoners are lynched by the public upon stepping out of prisons and others are brought back to the prisons either because of committing crime or on mere suspicion from the fact that they just came from prison. The study assessed the role of the church in reintegration of prisoners back to the community. The study was guided by three objectives; church programs that are geared towards reintegration of prisoners, the socio-economic activities that the hurch has towards a prisoner and the perception of the church towards a prisoner. The used theories; theory of behavior change, desistance theory and social control theory to gain insights and more understanding of the research. The study adopted descriptive study method. The researcher undertook research among the 50 pastors, 150 deacons from 50 protestant churches in Nakuru town and 40 ex-prisoners. Deacons were subjected to random sampling whereby a sample of 60 was obtained. Therefore, 150 respondents were engaged in the study. Data was collected by use of a questionnaire containing closed ended questions. It was analyzed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques through aid of statistical packages for social science (SPSS) version 23. Descriptive findings showed that Churches perception, programs and social economic activities contributes to reintegration of ex-prisoners. Results further indicated correlation coefficient of (R=0.827) meaning that the independent variables were strong and suitable predictors of the dependent variable. Regression analysis findings indicated that all independent variables taken together (t=3.611; p<0.01) had strong and significant relationship with Reintegration of ex-prisoners. It was recommended that Churches should consider putting reintegration programs into the list of their important operations and expand involvement into social economic activities for the prisoners.
Assessment of vocational counselling and occupational choice in primary schools in Nyeri Central district, Nyeri county, Kenya
(KeMU, 2013-06) Kuira, Wilfred Kagochi
ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to investigate vocational counselling and occupational choice in primary schools in Municipality Division, Nyeri Central District, Kenya. The study was guided specifically by the following objectives: the kind of training undergone by teachers of vocational counseling in relation to job placement, the prevalence of vocational counselling and the effects of vocational counselling in primary schools in Nyeri Central District, Nyeri County, Kenya. Literature was reviewed in the sequence of the objectives. The study adopted the relevant theoretical framework and the conceptual framework which showed how the researcher was guided by the indicated variables. The study therefore adopted descriptive survey targeting 15 head teachers and 150 teachers. The sample selected was 5 head teachers and 50 teachers which was done through systematic random sampling. All the teachers were coded and every third selected for study. Radom sampling ensured that all the teachers had equal chances of participating in the study. On part of the head teachers, all the head teachers were coded and every third studied translating to five head teachers. The data obtained from the questionnaires was compared and interrelated. The data was checked for extremes such as consensus responses to disagree or agree with them. The data was then coded so as to allow for analysis. Quantitative analysis were used to answer the research questions and objectives in relation to the research questions. The data was then analyzed using the Microsoft Office Excel package which assisted in drawing tables and graphs. It was also found that prevalence of vocational counseling in Municipality Division, Nyeri Central District was wanting. Another finding was that vocational counseling in Municipality Division, Nyeri Central District had very positive effects on the students where it was practiced. The study made several recommendations. It was recommended that the Ministry of Education should ensure teachers of vocational counseling are well trained. It was also recommended that all education stakeholders in Municipality Division, Nyeri Central District should be sensitized on the importance of vocational counseling. Lastly, the researcher recommended that all the school administrators in Municipality Division, Nyeri Central District should ensure that vocational counseling is properly done in their schools.
Assessment of Women Participation in Church Leadership: A Case of National Independent Church of Africa (NICA), Kenya
(KeMU, 2022-10) Njoni, Norah Naitore
The National Independent Church of Africa (NICA) is a church organization founded in Kenya in 1964. NICA is a church founded by Africans during the struggle for independence and registered in 1963. The church is spread across Nairobi, Kiambu, Embu, Meru, Tharaka Nithi, Kirinyaga, and Isiolo Counties of Kenya. The study provided the background information on the women participation and church leadership. The objectives of the study were to access whether women participate in decision-making, participation in the leadership of church projects, and if they are allowed to take up leadership positions. On Chapter two, the study reviewed theoretical literature including traits theory of leadership, female leadership theory, participative theories or approaches and skills theory, and empirical literature. The study also developed conceptual framework with gender stereotyping being the intervening variable. Used descriptive research design and embraced a simple haphazard sampling technique to acquire a sample size of 120. This research used questionnaire as the main data collection tool and used SPSS program to analyze data. Regarding the study, the researcher found that, women in NICA were willing to be leaders, and NICA Kenya allowed them to be leaders but with no or minimal appointments and motivations. Additionally, women were directly engaged in decision-making process in the church leadership in NICA Kenya and their opinions were incorporated in the final decisions and women participated in the leadership of NICA church’s routine activities but not oversight roles in church’s major projects. Hence women participated in the church leadership in NICA in Kenya directly in decision-making process, and church’s routine activities but not activities outside the church, hence, there was women participation in the church leadership in NICA in Kenya. The church can allocate some leadership positions vi for women, through nominations or appointing women into leadership positions in the church
Causes of under representation of women in the headship of mixed public secondary schools in Nyeri county, Kenya.
(KeMU, 2015-05) Njoroge, Alice Nyawira
ABSTRACT Under the new constitutional dispensation in Kenya, the gender distribution in school headship has not been achieved as required. The third gender rule has not been met in the school headship among the mixed secondary schools. One of the most common reasons presented in the literature for the under representation of women in school administration was the negative perception of women's leadership. The study aimed at determining the causes of under representation of women in leadership positions in mixed public secondary schools in Nyeri County in Kenya. The study also investigated the factors influencing female's participation in the management of mixed public secondary schools, teachers' attitude towards female principals and to find out the extent to which schools are gender responsive to leadership especially to female principals. The study was conducted in Nyeri County in Kenya. Nyeri County constituted 8 sub-counties. The target population was 162 mixed public secondary schools in the county. Out of the 162 mixed public secondary schools, 126 (78%) were headed by male principals while 36 (22%) were headed by female principals. 40 mixed public secondary schools selected from 4 districts headed by 20 female and 20 male principals made up the sample population which constituted 25% of the target population. The participants were the Principals/Deputy Principals (DP), Heads of Departments (HOD), District Education Officers (DEOs) and the County Director of Education (CDE). Sampling technique applied for selecting 4 sub-counties was convenient sampling, 20 female principals were purposively sampled, male principals were conveniently sampled. Simple random sampling was applied to select 2 HODs from the sampled schools. Purposive sampling was used on selecting 4 DEOs and saturated sampling applied on 1 CDE. The sample size was 125 participants. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. A pilot study was conducted to ensure reliability and validity of the instruments. Content validity was improved through experts' judgment. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The study determined that with a mean of 4 for principals and HODs teachers were indifferent between women and men leadership in the region under study. The study also established that leadership does not depend on ones gender with a mean of 5 for principals and HODs. The study recommends that strategies to reduce female chauvinism in education as well as minimizing cultural stigmatization men leadership. The study recommends a deeper analysis on the role played by TSC in ensuring gender equity in education management.