Master of Arts in Religious Studies

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Examination of the Role of Church Leaders in Averting Gender Based Violence in Imenti South Sub County, Meru County, Kenya
(KeMU, 2019-07) Nkaabu, David Muuro
Gender based violence is violation of human rights and it is affecting men, women, and children spiritually, physically and emotionally. The Church leadership is being looked at when it comes to averting violence at communal and family levels. The purpose of the study was to examine the role of the Church leaders in averting gender based violence in Imenti South Sub-county. The study was guided by four objectives: To determine instructional role of Church leaders in averting gender based violence in Imenti South Sub-county, Kenya, To examine the influence of pastoral programs in averting gender based violence in Imenti South Sub-county, Kenya, To assess the influence of Church leaders’ advocacy against gender base violence in Imenti South Sub-county and to analyze the influence of Church leaders conflict resolution on gender based violence in Imenti South Sub-county. The study was carried out in Imenti South Sub-County, Kenya with a focus on Church leaders under the National Council of Churches of Kenya. The study was based on descriptive survey design. The target population in this study included 144 church leaders from different denominations and 153 victims of gender-based violence. Purposive sampling was employed to sample 45 Church leaders and 44 victims of gender based violence. The gender based violence victims include men and women in Imenti South Sub-County, Kenya. Data was collected using questionnaires for Church leaders and scheduled group interviews for gender based violence victims. The data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively and presented using tables and figures. This study concluded that the church leaders play an important role in the disclosure of abuse because of the trust by individual, families and community as a whole. Many women do not choose to reveal abuse to other agencies in the community or even policemen because they do not have a history of trust with them as they do to church leaders. The Church provides resources, emotional support, spiritual support and help with activism to help prevent a similar repetition of violence down the road, and they are also a prayer support for the victim. This study recommends that church leaders to organize conferences, seminars and training where the faithful get the opportunity to open up and get help needed. Church leaders have a role to teach members to co-exist in harmony with respect and love through workshop and couple’s trainings and seminars. Church leaders have opportunities to take a leading role in creating awareness and advocacy on Gender Based Violence in places where some cultural practices are detouring advances against this vice. The church leaders should also emphasis on the development of relational virtues such as selflessness and unconditional love.
Effectiveness of C.R.E teaching methods in secondary schools; a case of Kilifi sub-county, Kilifi county, Kenya.
(KeMU, 2016-06) Mueke, Muema Rebecca
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CRE teaching methodology in secondary schools in Kilifi sub-county, Kilifi County, Kenya. The study was carried out in secondary schools in Kilifi sub-county. The study aimed at identifying ways that could make the teaching methodology for CRE in secondary schools effective on learners. This was so because according to the current statistics from the Sub-county quality assurance and standards office, the current prevailing moral degeneration among high school students was affecting their performance in National examination. The study stated the problem; defined the objectives and applied research questions to evaluate the strength and weakness of CRE teaching and learning methods. The scope of the study was in Kilifi sub-county, Kilifi County in the coast region of Kenya. The significance of the study was to provide insights for the ministry of education and other stakeholders on identifying effective methods for teaching and learning of CRE in secondary schools in Kenya. Relevant literature regarding the CRE teaching methodology in secondary schools was reviewed. In reference to the relevant literature, the teaching methods were described and their effectiveness in the teaching of CRE in secondary schools in Kenya. The importance of the subject was exposed so that the ministry of education could consider making compulsory for all students. This study used descriptive design and random sampling method to select the teachers. The data was collected through questionnaires that were administered to the CRE teachers, the students and school administrators. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Finally the results were used to make recommendation on how to establish effective CRE teaching methods in secondary schools in Kenya and conduct refresher courses to teachers on the same. According to the researcher, proper planning for the lesson before starting to teach is of paramount importance if the learners are to acquire the skills and knowledge as it is passed to them by the teacher. The researcher therefore advices the Quality assurance and stands officers in the ministry of education to assess the teachers' often in order to advise them to prepare adequately when teaching C.R.E. Based on the above findings, it was concluded that provision of resource materials influences teaching and learning of C.R.E and also improves the performance.
Factors that influence discipline among the students in Imenti North District Secondary schools - Meru county.
(KeMU, 2013-06) Makathimo, Eunice Karambu
One of the goals of education is to mould good citizens. This molding is done in schools where everybody's effort is directed. One of the subjects taught to prepare students to be responsible citizens is Christian Religious Education. One of the specific objectives of CRE is to make learners God fearing and well behaved people. A lot of guidance and counseling is done in schools nowadays to ensure that students behave well. Despite those efforts teachers, administrators, and parents are all complaining about the discipline • of the young people in secondary schools. The purpose of this study was therefore to establish the factors that influence the state of discipline among the youth in North lmenti District Secondary Schools. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data from principals, teachers, and students .Prior to the administration the questionnaire was pilot tested to facilitate validation and assessment of reliability. The district has a total of 43 secondary schools with a student population of 10,663.Twenty two schools were randomly sampled .The sampled schools had 5,660 students and 600 teachers. The actual sample which was randomly selected from the population was 335 subjects comprising of 22 principals, 30 teachers and 283 students. The data was analyzed manually and then converted into frequency distribution tables and percentages. Results obtained were presented using graphs and frequency tables, in addition to narratives. The study concluded that parenting was factor number one in influencing discipline of students. The other factors included, drug and substance abuse, school administration, peer influence, curriculum demands and examinations. Christian Religious Education is also a factor that influences discipline through teaching of moral values. Those who apply the learnt values to their daily living are said to be well disciplined. The study therefore, recommends that parents should play their role properly, by being good role models in all aspects. This would ensure disciplined students in schools. It is hoped that the results will enable the stake holders in education, who include Ministry of Education, and teachers to seriously address the issue of moldings discipline among students.
Factors affecting performance in Christian Religious Education in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education in Igembe South District.
(KeMU, 2012-06) Mbaabu, Karicha Jona
In a world plagued with performance contracts both in public and private sectors performance for teachers is quite relevant, if they will have to retain their jobs. Due to much competition in the job markets, it is also quite important for students to perform well in their national exams in various subjects. This research work aimed at investigating various factors that affect performance in Christian Religious Education (CRE) in Kenya Certificate Secondary Education (KCSE) exams in Igembe South District. CRE being one of the elective subjects, it requires proper investigation to ensure students perform well in the subjects so that they can continue choosing it, since there is an option of choosing either history or geography in form three. The objective of the study was to .find out whether time allocated for CRE lessons is enough owing to the broad content. The study sought to find out number of trained teachers in schools, the teaching and learning resources in schools and effects of motivation on how they affect performance in CRE in KCSE. The study was carried out in ten secondary schools in Igembe South District. In the ten schools, questionnaires to CRE teachers, school administrators and students of selected classes. The researcher interviewed form two and three students of these schools. The researcher had a target population of 5000 students and he managed to reach a size of 1000 students. The target population of CRE teachers was 40 and the researcher was able to reach a sample size of 20. While the target population for principals was 15 and the researcher was able to reach sample size of 10. The researcher used questionnaires as the main instrument for data collection. The responses were then collected and analyzed and data was compiled in tables, graphs and pie charts. General findings of the study were that human and material resources are factors affecting student's performance in CRE as well as time allocated for CRE per week, while motivation of students does not affect student's performance in CRE. This study recommends that more CRE teachers should be trained and posted in schools. The Ministry of Education should diversify their teaching methods and also motivate learners in various ways.
Factors influencing drug and substance abuse among secondary school students in Meru municipality in Imenti North District, Kenya.
(KeMU, 2011-06) Mutonga, Hellen
Drug and substance abuse is a major challenge to societies and authorities from all over the world. The main objective of this study was to investigate factors that influence drug and substance abuse among secondary school students in Meru municipality in Imenti North District. The study adopted descriptive research design. The sample was drawn from students in nine public secondary schools in Meru municipality with a total 3273 students. The accessible population was from forms two, three and four. Stratified simple random sampling was used to obtain 360 students. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Piloting was done in Kiereni mixed secondary School in Chuka Municipality in Meru South District which is both boarding school. Split half technique was used during the pre-testing. The coefficient was 0.71, suggesting that the instruments were reliable. With the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square). Findings were presented in tables, percentages and pie-charts. The main reason for drug and substance was peer influence. Substances most commonly abused were social drugs like alcohol, Miraa, tobacco as well as indigenous alcoholic drinks. Drug abuse was strongly dependent on age of respondents, easy availability of drugs and having a family member who abuses drugs. Sources of drugs are mostly the low economic areas around the schools. The study recommends that the government and other stakeholders should institute a greater public awareness campaign especially for the most venerable groups to educate them on the side effects of drug and substance abuse.
The influence of Christianity on community policing with particular reference to crime reduction: A case of Kisii town, Kisii county - Kenya.
(2015-06) Ombati, Carren
In Kenya, more than a half of the population is Christian, likewise in Kisii County This provided a strong case for the consideration of the input of christian morals in effective community policing which has gained popularity in Kenya recently. Therefore, the study aimed at examining the influence of Christianity on community policing with particular reference to crime reduction in Kisii Town, Kisii County - Kenya. The study was guided by the following objectives: To investigate how christian values contribute to teamwork in community policing. To find out the extent to which Christian conduct influences community policing. To investigate extent which christianity instills the rule of law in a community. To investigate the extent to which Christianity contribute to character modeling. The study employed a combination of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach used was a questionnaire and the qualitative approach which included use of interviews. It utilized a cross-sectional survey design, which was largely descriptive in nature. The sample size used was 121 respondents of the target population. Data was collected and analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The study findings will be significant in availing information on the role of Christianity in community policing. The findings will be very significant to the government as it will use the result to make community policing a success. The study concluded that Christianity was greatly associated with adherence to the community Policing code of conduct. Christianity does have a significant relationship with community Policing success. The study also reveals that Christian’s commitment does have a significant relationship with community policing conduct. The study also revealed that Christian influence contributed to reduced incidences of malpractices in community policing. This in turn will generate successful community policing operations leading to reduced crime and peaceful moments readily embraced by community. The study recommends that the government should involve the church in the implementation of the community policing which has just been introduced in Kenya. To begin such a programme, Kisii Town will be an ideal place due to a high presence of members of the Christian faith.
Role of the church in promoting positive ethnicity in Kenya: A case of National Council of Churches of Kenya in Nakuru sub-county.
(KeMU, 2016-06) Akinyi, Oduor Mildred
The Church has been held in high esteem in the fight against evils that threaten destroy the social fabric and national unity. However, in Kenya the Church has not been spared when it comes to ethnic and tribal antagonism. The purpose of the study was to establish the role of the Church in promoting positive ethnicity among different ethnicity in churches in Nakuru Sub-County. The study was carried out in Nakuru Sub-county ¬with a focus on NCCK member churches. The target population in this study included the clergy and church leaders. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample of 81 respondents from 27 churches. The study was based on descriptive survey. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively with the aid of the Statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS). The analyzed data was presented in the form of figures, frequency tables and percentages. The study concludes that the main peace-building and reconciliation activities used by the church promoted positive ethnicity in Nakuru Sub-County. The clergy had received some formal education and were thus in a position to understand and appreciate their roles as the clergy and to promote positive ethnicity among the ethnic communities in Nakuru sub-County. However, the Church's involvement in the country's politics undermined the role of the Church in promoting positive ethnicity in Nakuru Sub¬ The study recommends that the Church be actively involved in activities that promote positive ethnicity in Nakuru Sub-County. It is also recommended that the Church should desist from direct involvement in the country's politics as this undermines the role of the Church in promoting positive ethnicity in Nakuru sub-county. The findings of the study expected to provide the church leaders with information on the strategies that can enhance ethnic cohesion and harmony in Kenya.
Impact of alcoholism on parental care of school children: A case of Miriga Mieru West Division in Meru county.
(KeMU, 2012-07) Gikunda, Kimaita Richard
This study is a research to find out the impact of alcoholism on the parental care of school going children in Miragamieru West division. This is because many parents have neglected their school going children thus raising the school dropout rate. Children going to school lack basic necessities like pens, books, fees and personal effects. The number of idlers in the markets has increased in Mirigamieru West division. The rate of alcoholic drinks taking has also increased. The health of some of the parents who are heavily indulged into alcohol taking has deteriorated. Deaths of parents in unclear circumstance have occurred. Domestic violence and immoral practices like rape and violence in general has increased. The ageing parents are complaining that their daughters and sons are taking alcoholic drinks and thus neglecting their grandchildren who are in school. Women (members) at the church have complained of the many problems they face that are related to alcoholism of their spouses (husbands) and children especially sons. Alcoholism has been found to be a factor that has led to poor parental care to school going children where they are affected socially, emotionally and financially. Data has been collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). From the data analysis, it has been found that some parents are heavily indulged into alcoholism and thus wasting a lot of family resources thus failing to cater for the school going children well. It has been recommended that the Government should ensure that only the approved alcoholic drinks are sold to the parents in Mirigamieru West Davison for the illicit brews are killing them slowly thus raising the number of orphans. Government agents involved in the law enforcement should be serious in implementing jhe government alcoholic policy. The corrupt administrators should be sacked for they are encouraging the consumption of the illicit brews that are killing parents in the division at a high rate thus affecting the school going children.
Negative impact of family instability on pupil's academic achievement: A case study of Buuri District.
(KeMU, 2014-06) Julius, Rosemary Nkatha
Family relations and interactions have a strong and permanent influence upon a personality. Family structure affects pre-school readiness. It affects educational achievements at elementary, secondary and college levels. How parents treat their children has a direct impact on how children eventually see themselves. Children who are rejected by their parents, who grow up in homes with considerable conflicts, or who are inadequately supervised, are at the greatest risk of becoming delinquent. Whether a child's parents are married, divorced, single, remarried or cohabiting has a significant influence on children's educational performance. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate the negative impact of family instability on learning among primary schools pupils in Buuri district. The researcher adopted descriptive survey and data collected using questionnaires. The target population was 20,982 respondents from 116 primary schools. A sample of 642 respondents was adopted. Simple random sampling was used to get 600 pupils from 21 schools, which was sampled using purposive and simple random methods. Twenty-one headteachers and twenty-one guidance and counseling teachers were purposively sampled from the twenty-one sample schools. The instruments were tested using test-retest formula. Data was analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The findings of the study revealed that most pupils came from unstable homes. Only 51 % of pupils came from relatively stable families. The rest, 49 %, either came from single-parent families, are orphaned, live with step parents, or their fathers are polygamous. This resulted to numerous challenges on the pupils, such as, lack of adequate attention from the available parent as well as chronic absenteeism from school. This consequently led to poor academic achievement.
The Ameru Traditional naming methods: The effects of Christianity and missionary education on traditional naming culture.
(KeMU, 2014-06) Kioga, Mburugu M'nkanata
In all human communities individuals are identified by names. The process by which these identities are stamped on the person depends on the cultures of the society where the person hails from. Traditionally the Ameru peoples had developed more than two naming methods. The first name of a boy or girl child was given by a caucus of elderly women from the village or family soon after the child was born. The second name given to a Boy-child was by warriors after initiation/circumcision when he was deemed to have attained adulthood. The girl-child never acquired a new or second name until after her marriage. But this traditional system only held sway before the advent of Christianity which invaded the African societies during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Thereafter Christianity supplanted traditional by injecting totally new and strange naming systems and nomenclatures. The research problem on this study therefore was to explore and explain the Ameru traditional naming methods and systems before the advent of Christianity and how these traditions were impacted by it thereafter. The scope of the study endeavors to answer the research questions and to investigate the problem statement in the research proposal and how to achieve the objectives of the study. The geographical area already covered and the targeted population encompass all the six Meru linguistic dialects spoken within the territorial area inhabited by the community. There is considerable scarcity of written literature on this topic within the entire East Africa Region. The research method which was designed for this study encompassed sample survey using purposive or judgmental method. The data collection methods comprised of key informants interviews, selected respondents for interview schedules and group discussion with identified community elders and sages. The questionnaires were administered by the researcher in person among the more literate young parents and youths. The target population was selected from the knowledgeable elderly members of the community from each linguistic dialects of the Meru peoples. Some older respondents who experienced early missionary conversion to Christianity were also interviewed on the methods adopted by the missionaries to convert the populace into Christianity. The limitation experienced in this research is that with scarce written records the researcher has to almost entirely rely on the fading memories of the older generation who are themselves fast fading away. It is therefore strongly recommended that in order to preserve the African traditions and cultures, the educated Africans do record their traditions in permanent records that will guide the future generations of our peoples.

Master of Arts in Religious Studies

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