Master of Arts in Religious Studies

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The Ameru Traditional naming methods: The effects of Christianity and missionary education on traditional naming culture.
(KeMU, 2014-06) Kioga, Mburugu M'nkanata
In all human communities individuals are identified by names. The process by which these identities are stamped on the person depends on the cultures of the society where the person hails from. Traditionally the Ameru peoples had developed more than two naming methods. The first name of a boy or girl child was given by a caucus of elderly women from the village or family soon after the child was born. The second name given to a Boy-child was by warriors after initiation/circumcision when he was deemed to have attained adulthood. The girl-child never acquired a new or second name until after her marriage. But this traditional system only held sway before the advent of Christianity which invaded the African societies during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Thereafter Christianity supplanted traditional by injecting totally new and strange naming systems and nomenclatures. The research problem on this study therefore was to explore and explain the Ameru traditional naming methods and systems before the advent of Christianity and how these traditions were impacted by it thereafter. The scope of the study endeavors to answer the research questions and to investigate the problem statement in the research proposal and how to achieve the objectives of the study. The geographical area already covered and the targeted population encompass all the six Meru linguistic dialects spoken within the territorial area inhabited by the community. There is considerable scarcity of written literature on this topic within the entire East Africa Region. The research method which was designed for this study encompassed sample survey using purposive or judgmental method. The data collection methods comprised of key informants interviews, selected respondents for interview schedules and group discussion with identified community elders and sages. The questionnaires were administered by the researcher in person among the more literate young parents and youths. The target population was selected from the knowledgeable elderly members of the community from each linguistic dialects of the Meru peoples. Some older respondents who experienced early missionary conversion to Christianity were also interviewed on the methods adopted by the missionaries to convert the populace into Christianity. The limitation experienced in this research is that with scarce written records the researcher has to almost entirely rely on the fading memories of the older generation who are themselves fast fading away. It is therefore strongly recommended that in order to preserve the African traditions and cultures, the educated Africans do record their traditions in permanent records that will guide the future generations of our peoples.
Analysis of factors that influence drugs and substance abuse among secondary school students in Imenti North District.
(KeMU, 2014-06) Mukomunene, Pamela
Drug and substance abuse has continued to be an issue of great concern during the past several years with a great number of people reported as drug abusers in the world and being a serious problem affecting secondary school students. Drug and substance abuse has numerous biological, psychological and social adverse consequences. The menace has been reported as being influenced by different factors which include mass media, availability of drugs, peer pressure, curiosity, and availability of funds, boredom, harsh school rules and poor parenting. The study being carried out is aimed at analyzing the factors that influence drug and substance abuse among secondary school students in lmenti North District. The research objectives for the study were whether peer pressure, mass media, amount of money given to students and availability of drugs influence drug and substance abuse among secondary school students in Imenti North. The target population was composed of 10,663 students from the 43 secondary schools in Miriga Mieru East and West divisions. Questionnaires were prepared and used in the collection of primary data from the deputy principals, teachers and students. Prior to administration, the questionnaires were pilot tested to facilitate validation and assessment of reliability. The data was analyzed manually at the end of which results were displayed using frequency distribution tables, percentages and pie charts. The study concluded that drugs and substance abuse was influenced by different factors. These were categorized into major and minor factors, the major factors included mass media, peer pressure, availability of. Drugs and the amount of pocket money given to the students. The study, therefore, recommends that parents and guardians should avoid giving a lot of pocket money to their children; the government should come up with ways to fight drugs found within the students' reach.
Assessment of Factors Contributing to Low Church Attendance and Absenteeism: A Case of Methodist Church in Kenya Nyambene Synod, Meru County, Kenya
(KeMU, 2022-10) Kithure, Gerald
Regular Church attendance is often an indicator of Christians’ commitment and faith in God. Right from the New Testament, the Church has been symbolic, an assembly of followers of Christ who congregate regularly with an aim of worshipping God together in faith. It follows then that the Low Church attendance and absenteeism undermines Christian faith and the ability of the Church to meet ministry goals. The study sought to investigate the contribution of home based factors, the socio economic factors, and Church based factors that contribute to Low Church attendance and absenteeism. A study was guided by secularization theory under postmodernism philosophy which advocates that as science and technology continue to shape the world social changes in power and class structure tend to persist in similar forms as well (Heywood 2012).The data for the study was mainly quantitative. Simple random and purposive sampling was used to collect the data .The target population comprised of 28,015 men, women and youth members in MCK Nyambene Synod. A descriptive research design was employed for this study with a sample of 379 respondents who were selected through random sampling. Data was collected using two questionnaires, one for the youth and the other for adult members. Prior to the main study, a pilot study with a sample of 38 respondents was conducted in Miathene Synod. Analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 25) in which the researcher performed descriptive statistical analyses to determine and rank specific factors that affected Church attendance in line with the study’s objectives. Two variables were considered that is Low Church attendance and absenteeism. It was established that Home based factors and Church based factors were significantly associated with Church low attendance and absenteeism. In respect to home based factors, poor family background, lack of monies to channel during fundraisers, unfriendly relationship between youth and parents, and lack of parental guidance greatly contributed to church absenteeism.Thus, parents should endeavour to inculcate a warm and cordial relationship with their children to increase the prevalence of their children’s Church attendance.In regard to Church based factors, lengthy sermons, non involvement of youth in Church activities and lack of uniformity in treatment of members led to church absenteeism. Hence, ministers of the word should strive to ensure that their sermons are precise and straight forward. Socio economic factors were not significantly associated with Low Church attendance and absenteeism. School/work engagements were not a major hindrance to Church attendance and absenteeism however the Church leadership should organize team building activities for the respective Church groups to ensure harmonious relationship and avoid stigma and criticism that is ignited from difference family economic status.In addition, Church leadership should devise creative ways of engaging the youth since inactive youth engagement is associated with Church absenteeism. Since the study focused on Churches under the Methodist Church in Kenya, it is suggested that the study be extended to other Churches to assess whether different findings may be reached regarding factors contributing to Low Church attendance and absenteeism
Assessment of Women Participation in Church Leadership: A Case of National Independent Church of Africa (NICA), Kenya
(KeMU, 2022-10) Njoni, Norah Naitore
The National Independent Church of Africa (NICA) is a church organization founded in Kenya in 1964. NICA is a church founded by Africans during the struggle for independence and registered in 1963. The church is spread across Nairobi, Kiambu, Embu, Meru, Tharaka Nithi, Kirinyaga, and Isiolo Counties of Kenya. The study provided the background information on the women participation and church leadership. The objectives of the study were to access whether women participate in decision-making, participation in the leadership of church projects, and if they are allowed to take up leadership positions. On Chapter two, the study reviewed theoretical literature including traits theory of leadership, female leadership theory, participative theories or approaches and skills theory, and empirical literature. The study also developed conceptual framework with gender stereotyping being the intervening variable. Used descriptive research design and embraced a simple haphazard sampling technique to acquire a sample size of 120. This research used questionnaire as the main data collection tool and used SPSS program to analyze data. Regarding the study, the researcher found that, women in NICA were willing to be leaders, and NICA Kenya allowed them to be leaders but with no or minimal appointments and motivations. Additionally, women were directly engaged in decision-making process in the church leadership in NICA Kenya and their opinions were incorporated in the final decisions and women participated in the leadership of NICA church’s routine activities but not oversight roles in church’s major projects. Hence women participated in the church leadership in NICA in Kenya directly in decision-making process, and church’s routine activities but not activities outside the church, hence, there was women participation in the church leadership in NICA in Kenya. The church can allocate some leadership positions vi for women, through nominations or appointing women into leadership positions in the church
A comparative study of the effects of drug abuse among boys and girls in seventh day Adventist church sponsored secondary schools in Borabu sub-county Nyamira county Kenya
(KeMU, 2015-06) Suleiman, Mary Moraa
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of drug abuse between boys and girls in selected Seventh - day Adventist church sponsored secondary schools of Borabu sub - county, Nyamira County, Kenya. The study sought to establish the types or drugs abused, examine the main effects of drug abuse, analyze the physical psychological and social effects of drug abuse and to compare the level of effects of drug abuse among boys and girls in selected secondary schools in Borabu sub _ county, Nyamira County, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was used in this study. The target population was all the 22 public secondary schools in the sub-County. The sample of the study comprised of 15 secondary schools chosen through stratified random sampling. Census sampling was used to select 15 principals, 150 HODs, and 15 chaplain / counselors. Data was collected through Interviews for principals and questionnaires for HODs, and chaplains/ counselors. The validity of the instruments was established through scrutiny by experts who were thesis supervisors. Test-retest method was used to establish reliability of the instruments. A correlation coefficient of 0.86 and 0.87 for HODs, and chaplains/ counselors questionnaires was established respectively. The qualitative data from interview schedule was analyzed thematically and reported in narrative and direct quotes. The data from questionnaires was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) computer program version+ 20.0 and descriptive statistics generated. Specifically, percentages, means, and standard deviation. The major findings of the study indicated that girls are the most affected as compared to the boys in the selected secondary schools. The implications of these findings were that, because girls mostly use the injectable drugs they were more injected than boys. The Study, therefore recommended that; in order to enhance health among students quality close assistance from the school authority is required.
Cultural and religious factors hindering guardians of children with clubfoot from seeking corrective services in Embu clubfoot care for Kenya clinic.
(KeMU, 2016-05) Jessee, Antony Njeru
Clubfoot (Congenital Talipes Equinovarus) is a condition in which the child is born with the hind foot adducted, flexed and inverted inwards. Doctors are not sure what causes clubfoot 'even though once neglected it results in significant impairment in body structure and function and may result in activity limitations and participation restrictions. For medical professionals, clubfoot is a clearly defined physical impairment or challenge. However, for guardians and children presenting with the condition, it is rarely defined. In Kenya physical di ability elates religious and cultural implications that prevent the guardians from taking their children for corrective services. In Embu County the situation is no different as the medical records indicate that many guardians fail to take their children for corrective services in Embu Clubfoot Care for Kenya Clinic, though the services are offered for free. The aim of 'this study was to find out whether there are cultural and religious factors that prevent the guardians from taking their children for corrective services and whether religion contributes towards clubfoot correction. The study was done in Embu Clubfoot Care for Kenya clinic which is situated in Embu Level Five Hospital. The target population was the guardians who brought their children for corrective services. At the time of this study the number of guardians according to the medical records at the clinic was three hundred and eighty. Out of this number fifty guardians were interviewed during the month of December 2014. Forty two were interviewed at the clinic while eight were in interviewed in their homes, two guardians from each of the four sub-counties of Embu County. A guardian's forum was conducted where they shared their views. This study used descriptive research design. Data collection was by use of questionnaire for the guardians and medical personnel and scheduled interviews. At one time the researcher had an open forum with guardians where their shared their experiences freely. Data analysis has been presented through descriptive statistics. This helped to describe the cultural and religious factors that make the guardians in not being clinic compliant. During the study it came out that there were religious and cultural factors .which prevented the guardians of children born with clubfoot from taking their children for corrective services. The major factor that came out in religion was the perceived causation of clubfoot. In culture the major reason was stigmatization from the family members, places of worship (churches and mosques), and the general public. The study also revealed that religion was contributing positively towards clubfoot management. The study contributes to our understanding of clubfoot in Kenya and the wider African continent. Recommendations made included increasing awareness and advocacy especially through the mass media, church bulletins and possibly through the social media.
Effectiveness of C.R.E teaching methods in secondary schools; a case of Kilifi sub-county, Kilifi county, Kenya.
(KeMU, 2016-06) Mueke, Muema Rebecca
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CRE teaching methodology in secondary schools in Kilifi sub-county, Kilifi County, Kenya. The study was carried out in secondary schools in Kilifi sub-county. The study aimed at identifying ways that could make the teaching methodology for CRE in secondary schools effective on learners. This was so because according to the current statistics from the Sub-county quality assurance and standards office, the current prevailing moral degeneration among high school students was affecting their performance in National examination. The study stated the problem; defined the objectives and applied research questions to evaluate the strength and weakness of CRE teaching and learning methods. The scope of the study was in Kilifi sub-county, Kilifi County in the coast region of Kenya. The significance of the study was to provide insights for the ministry of education and other stakeholders on identifying effective methods for teaching and learning of CRE in secondary schools in Kenya. Relevant literature regarding the CRE teaching methodology in secondary schools was reviewed. In reference to the relevant literature, the teaching methods were described and their effectiveness in the teaching of CRE in secondary schools in Kenya. The importance of the subject was exposed so that the ministry of education could consider making compulsory for all students. This study used descriptive design and random sampling method to select the teachers. The data was collected through questionnaires that were administered to the CRE teachers, the students and school administrators. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Finally the results were used to make recommendation on how to establish effective CRE teaching methods in secondary schools in Kenya and conduct refresher courses to teachers on the same. According to the researcher, proper planning for the lesson before starting to teach is of paramount importance if the learners are to acquire the skills and knowledge as it is passed to them by the teacher. The researcher therefore advices the Quality assurance and stands officers in the ministry of education to assess the teachers' often in order to advise them to prepare adequately when teaching C.R.E. Based on the above findings, it was concluded that provision of resource materials influences teaching and learning of C.R.E and also improves the performance.
Effects of divorce on lay leadership roles in the church: A case study of the Roman Catholic church in Suneka parish, Kisii County - Kenya
(KeMU, 2014-06) Kinare, Miyona David
The study was conducted to examine the effects of divorce on lay leadership roles in the Roman Catholic Church in Suneka Parish, Kisii County. The research showed the effects of divorce on lay leadership roles in the Roman Catholic Church. It examined the causes of divorce on lay leaders in the Roman Catholic Church and investigated the Christian's view on divorce. It also determined the possible solutions for divorce among lay leaders in the Roman Catholic Church. The research was conducted through sampling of the lay leaders and church member in the Roman Catholic Church, at Suneka Parish between May 2013 and June, 2013. The study will be of great help to the Roman Catholic Church in assessing the extent by which divorce has affected its lay leadership role in the church. The study target population was 205 Christians consisting of25 catholic catechists, 25 church chairpersons, 25 secretaries and 130 catholic adherents (members) and sample size of 169 of target population which was appropriated through simple random sampling which was used to choose randomly the respondents. The study employed a quantitative approach. The quantitative approach used was a questionnaire. It utilized a descriptive sample survey design, which was largely descriptive. Data was analyzed by the use of frequencies and percentages and were presented in tables. The research revealed that the majority of lay leaders and church members agreed that divorce has become a problem threatening leadership position in the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Catholic Church lay leaders should ensure that leader hip role i effective and efficient in the Roman Catholic Church. The study recommended that, divorce should be controlled by instituting the bible teachings on divorce, counseling by experts and also the Roman Catholic Church should discourage polygamous within Christians.
Examination of the Role of Church Leaders in Averting Gender Based Violence in Imenti South Sub County, Meru County, Kenya
(KeMU, 2019-07) Nkaabu, David Muuro
Gender based violence is violation of human rights and it is affecting men, women, and children spiritually, physically and emotionally. The Church leadership is being looked at when it comes to averting violence at communal and family levels. The purpose of the study was to examine the role of the Church leaders in averting gender based violence in Imenti South Sub-county. The study was guided by four objectives: To determine instructional role of Church leaders in averting gender based violence in Imenti South Sub-county, Kenya, To examine the influence of pastoral programs in averting gender based violence in Imenti South Sub-county, Kenya, To assess the influence of Church leaders’ advocacy against gender base violence in Imenti South Sub-county and to analyze the influence of Church leaders conflict resolution on gender based violence in Imenti South Sub-county. The study was carried out in Imenti South Sub-County, Kenya with a focus on Church leaders under the National Council of Churches of Kenya. The study was based on descriptive survey design. The target population in this study included 144 church leaders from different denominations and 153 victims of gender-based violence. Purposive sampling was employed to sample 45 Church leaders and 44 victims of gender based violence. The gender based violence victims include men and women in Imenti South Sub-County, Kenya. Data was collected using questionnaires for Church leaders and scheduled group interviews for gender based violence victims. The data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively and presented using tables and figures. This study concluded that the church leaders play an important role in the disclosure of abuse because of the trust by individual, families and community as a whole. Many women do not choose to reveal abuse to other agencies in the community or even policemen because they do not have a history of trust with them as they do to church leaders. The Church provides resources, emotional support, spiritual support and help with activism to help prevent a similar repetition of violence down the road, and they are also a prayer support for the victim. This study recommends that church leaders to organize conferences, seminars and training where the faithful get the opportunity to open up and get help needed. Church leaders have a role to teach members to co-exist in harmony with respect and love through workshop and couple’s trainings and seminars. Church leaders have opportunities to take a leading role in creating awareness and advocacy on Gender Based Violence in places where some cultural practices are detouring advances against this vice. The church leaders should also emphasis on the development of relational virtues such as selflessness and unconditional love.
Factors affecting performance in Christian Religious Education in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education in Igembe South District.
(KeMU, 2012-06) Mbaabu, Karicha Jona
In a world plagued with performance contracts both in public and private sectors performance for teachers is quite relevant, if they will have to retain their jobs. Due to much competition in the job markets, it is also quite important for students to perform well in their national exams in various subjects. This research work aimed at investigating various factors that affect performance in Christian Religious Education (CRE) in Kenya Certificate Secondary Education (KCSE) exams in Igembe South District. CRE being one of the elective subjects, it requires proper investigation to ensure students perform well in the subjects so that they can continue choosing it, since there is an option of choosing either history or geography in form three. The objective of the study was to .find out whether time allocated for CRE lessons is enough owing to the broad content. The study sought to find out number of trained teachers in schools, the teaching and learning resources in schools and effects of motivation on how they affect performance in CRE in KCSE. The study was carried out in ten secondary schools in Igembe South District. In the ten schools, questionnaires to CRE teachers, school administrators and students of selected classes. The researcher interviewed form two and three students of these schools. The researcher had a target population of 5000 students and he managed to reach a size of 1000 students. The target population of CRE teachers was 40 and the researcher was able to reach a sample size of 20. While the target population for principals was 15 and the researcher was able to reach sample size of 10. The researcher used questionnaires as the main instrument for data collection. The responses were then collected and analyzed and data was compiled in tables, graphs and pie charts. General findings of the study were that human and material resources are factors affecting student's performance in CRE as well as time allocated for CRE per week, while motivation of students does not affect student's performance in CRE. This study recommends that more CRE teachers should be trained and posted in schools. The Ministry of Education should diversify their teaching methods and also motivate learners in various ways.
Factors affecting the participation of women in church leadership: A case study of Evangelical Lutheran church of Kenya, Ekerenyo Parish, Ekerenyo Division, Nyamira County-Kenya
(KeMU, 2015-06) Orina, Grace Moraa
ABSTRACT TITLE: FACTORS AFFECTING THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN CHURCH LEADERSHIP: A CASE OF EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF KENYA, EKERENYO PARISH, EKERENYO DIVISION NYAMIRA COUNTY-KENYA. AUTHOR: GRACE MORAA ORINA Gender disparities in management opportunities in Kenya are a real challenge to development. Despite growing participation by women in the workplace, there are still very few women in the top public decision and policy making positions in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to establish factors affecting women participation in church leadership at Evangelical Lutheran church of Kenya, Ekerenyo parish Nyamira County. The study was guided by the following objectives: to establish whether leadership empowerment programs inhibit women progression to top leadership at ELCK Ekerenyo parish, Nyamira County, to determine to what extent socio-economic status inhibit women progression to top leadership at ELCK Ekerenyo parish, Nyamira County, to assess whether affirmative action inhibit women progression to top leadership at ELCK Ekerenyo . parish, Nyamira County and to examine whether the gender stereotyping factors affect women progression to top leadership positions at ELCK Ekerenyo parish, Nyamira County. The study was guided by the Feminist theory which recognizes the pervasive influence of gender divisions on social life. The study employed descriptive survey design. Sample size of 76 out of a population of 254 church members was selected through simple random sampling. The study used test-re-test method to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument. The data collected was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative techniques with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). The data was presented by use of percentages and frequencies. The findings of the study indicated that factors such as gender stereotyping, family responsibilities, lack of interest in management positions and low levels of the implementation of affirmative action adversely influence lack active participation of women in church management in Ekerenyo ELCK in Nyamira County. It was therefore concluded that unless such factors are looked into and corrected appropriately, the number of women actively participating in church leadership in Ekerenyo Parish will remain low compared to that of their male counterparts. The following recommendations were done in order to remedy the situation. Churches should encourage women to participate in church leadership position. The churches should review church doctrines, policies and practices that hinder or discourage women from participating in church leadership. The churches should come up with more affirmative action policies at the church and ensure that they are implemented in order to correct gender imbalance and to guarantee women opportunities for participation in church leadership positions and policy making. It was believed that once the recommendation have been put in place as expected then this may attract more women in church leadership in Ekerenyo ELCK parish in Nyamira County.
Factors contributing to marital conflicts in christian marriage today: A case study of Archer's Post Community
(KeMU, 2016-06) Leseketeti, Peter Njukunye
ABSTRACT. TITLE: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO MARITAL CONFLICTS IN CHRISTIAN MARRIAGES TODAY: A CASE STUDY OF ARCHERS’S POST COMMUNITY AUTHOR: PETER NJUKUNYE LESEKETETI In our contemporary society, marital conflicts are escalating at a very high rate; it is taking a steadily increasing rate within Archer's Post Christian community, Samburu County. There is a robust growing rate of dysfunctional and divorced marriages within the community of Archer's Post. The purpose of this study was to investigate the main factors that contribute to the marital conflicts in Archer's Post today. The research established that marital conflicts are escalating at a very high rate, with an average of 33% of the affected families. The research found that very few marriages are fairly progressing well without serious marital conflicts. Many marriages are experiencing rapid disintegration and therefore end up affecting the family unit. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute to the conflicts facing marital life today in Archer's Post Christian community. Second; was to explore the nature of conflicts affecting marriage life in Archer's Post. Thirdly, to seek some possible solutions to manage and stabilize the conflicts affecting the families. The research was guided by several research questions given to different respondents. The findings of the research vividly revealed the factors that lead to marital a conflict, that's financial mismanagement, infidelity, alcoholism, disrespect, and peer influence, children, In-laws and sex. The research was well informed by Casuistry theory which dates back to Aristotle and Cicero and later propounded by Blaise Pascal and others, which states a specific method of doing ethics that relies on the analysis of individual cases, exploring them in relation to paradigm cases and broad principles. The researcher used the casuistry theory on the situation of Archer's Post community which is barred by pervasive marital conflicts due to financial constraints in the family. The research further indicates that many couples in their marriage life no longer embrace the Christian values of marriage and severely lacks financial managerial skills. Love which is the foundation of marriage is quickly diminishing away, and being replaced by material needs and personal whims. The target population of this study comprised of 300 marriages of which 100 were affected with marital conflicts which constitute 33% of the affected families. The research was sampled through stratified sampling and questionnaires which were distributed to several respondents including; the D.O, Ward administrator, Area Chief, Religious leaders, Police Office and members of the affected marriages. The research had captured literature review with consultation from major authorities in the field of marriage. The research implored the following research methods to collect data; Questionnaires, interviews, historical, observation, survey, correlation and case study. The Mata was analyzed quantitatively using a 5-point Likert scale. The researcher recommends for further studies on financial and stress management skills, Family finance, and establishment of friendly centers for marriage counselling and encounter groups within religious organization.
Factors influencing C.R.E performance in the church sponsored and public secondary schools: A case study of Ogendo Division Kisii County, Kenya
(KeMU, 2014-06) Amemba, Leah Kerubo
Christian Religious Education (CRE) is an academic subject in the school curriculum oncemed with religion. It traces its origin to the coming of the European missionaries. It is or instruction in various aspects of religion. According to Archbishop Dr. John Sentamu, _012), he acknowledges that CRE is important because it forms and creates a culture. In that respect, this survey study was carried out to evaluate its performance between church sponsored and public secondary schools in Ogembo division. The study was carried out with the main purpose of establishing the factors influencing performance in secondary schools in Ogembo Division. The objectives of the study were to identify factors influencing good performance of CRE in secondary schools in Ogembo Division, to establish the challenges which students of CRE encounter in Ogembo division, to establish the role of stake holders in the performance of CRE in church sponsored and public secondary schools in Ogembo division. The schools and respondents were selected using stratified and convenience sampling procedures. The target population used was 165 respondents. That included students, teachers and personnel involved in secondary school education in relation to CRE curriculum. Due to the need to achieve feasibility, the target population was reduced to a sample size by use of quota sampling and statistical sampling techniques under the influence of Morgan Table. The sample size used was 13 7 respondents of the target population. The sample of respondents were prepared through prior notice before collecting data. Piloting was done to test the questionnaires before collecting data. Data was collected by use of questionnaires of a primary level and interviews. Data was processed through editing, classification and categorization to make it possible for analysis. The data processed was analyzed by use of descriptive statistical models as well as calculating frequent percentages. The statistical package Social Sciences (SPSS Version 18), a computerized system for data analysis was used to analyze the data for the study. The study found out that the performance of CRE in both church sponsored and public secondary schools in Ogembo division were effective in ensuring timely access to learning resources, teachers and administration as well as students themselves having knowledge from the churches they attend. The study concluded that parents, teachers and students should be up held as they have ensured increased probability of accessing learning materials, trained staff etc, The study-recommends that the provision of learning materials and parents involvement considers as the key improvement which leads to better performance.
Factors influencing drug and substance abuse among secondary school students in Meru municipality in Imenti North District, Kenya.
(KeMU, 2011-06) Mutonga, Hellen
Drug and substance abuse is a major challenge to societies and authorities from all over the world. The main objective of this study was to investigate factors that influence drug and substance abuse among secondary school students in Meru municipality in Imenti North District. The study adopted descriptive research design. The sample was drawn from students in nine public secondary schools in Meru municipality with a total 3273 students. The accessible population was from forms two, three and four. Stratified simple random sampling was used to obtain 360 students. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Piloting was done in Kiereni mixed secondary School in Chuka Municipality in Meru South District which is both boarding school. Split half technique was used during the pre-testing. The coefficient was 0.71, suggesting that the instruments were reliable. With the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square). Findings were presented in tables, percentages and pie-charts. The main reason for drug and substance was peer influence. Substances most commonly abused were social drugs like alcohol, Miraa, tobacco as well as indigenous alcoholic drinks. Drug abuse was strongly dependent on age of respondents, easy availability of drugs and having a family member who abuses drugs. Sources of drugs are mostly the low economic areas around the schools. The study recommends that the government and other stakeholders should institute a greater public awareness campaign especially for the most venerable groups to educate them on the side effects of drug and substance abuse.
Factors influencing emergence and rapid growth of the charismatic churches in Makueni county
(KeMU, 2015-06) Nthumbi, Agnes Ndungwa
ABSTRACT TITLE: FACTORS INFLUENCING EMERGENCE AND RAPID GROWTH OF THE CHARISMATIC CHURCHES IN MAKUENI COUNTY AUTHOR: AGNES NDUNGWA NTHUMBI The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the emergence and rapid growth of charismatic churches in Makueni County. The study focused on this phenomenon which is bringing a rift between the mainline churches and charismatic churches in the county. The objectives of this study were: to assess the spiritual factors, determine leadership factors, and to investigate social-cultural factors that have led to the thriving of the charismatic churches in the county thus causing a rift. The study used both the primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected using questionnaires and interviews while the secondary data was acquired from text books and other print media. The assumption of the study is that the questionnaires did generate the required responses, that all the respondents were co-operative and truthful and that they gave the required information honestly based on the best of their knowledge. The study established that; the majority of the respondents stated that it was the spiritual satisfaction; others stated it was hunger for holiness. The majority of respondents rated the spiritual satisfaction in their churches as satisfying. The study further established that the mainline churches neglected the spiritual needs of the youth and the vulnerable members. The leaders and members of charismatic churches had gifts which include; prophecy, healing, speaking in tongues and interpretation of tongues. Pastors had the ability to connect with followers in such a way that the follower felt special and needed. The pastors possessed miracle performing and healing through the power of prayers. The study concludes that among the factors that led to the emergence of the charismatic churches were leadership wrangles and the need for spiritual quest. The study noted that members of the charismatic' churches remain faithful to their churches because of worship, praise and prayers, "whereas members of the mainline churches are anchored there by the nurturing and growth they experience there. The study recommends that the church management and leaders device an appropriate channel for their members to air their grievances as a means of reducing leadership wrangles. The study also recommends that church members be nurtured in the faith, whether by a slow but consistent process, so as to properly anchor them in the Christian faith. This will enhance their commitment to the Christian mission.
The factors influencing the proliferation of new christian religious movements in Imenti South District, Meru County.
(KeMU, 2014-07) Joseph, M'arachi Miriti
ABSTRACT TITLE: FACTORS INFLUENCING PROLIFERATION OF NEW CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS IN IMENTI SOUTH DISTRICT, MERU COUNTY. AUTHOR: M’ARACHI MIRITI JOSEPH We live in a world where almost all human beings are yearning for deliverance from personal or collective suffering as a result of the prevailing evils. Consequently, people, despite innate pride of the human heart, are seeking Gods loving grace, a quest that has predisposed them to the teaching of any group that goes by the name "Christian". This has resulted in the proliferation of the new Christian religious movements - a common phenomenon in the world today, of which lrnenti South District is not an exception. The purpose of this study is to explore factors influencing the proliferation of new Christian religious movements in Imenti South District of Meru. Questionnaires and interviews were used to obtain the background information on the factors behind the new Christian religious movements, and the areas in which the mainstream churches are failing to satisfy the spiritual and other needs of their members. The study was carried out in Imenti South District. In both the 36 mainline churches and the new religious groups the questionnaires were given to church leaders, administrators and lay Christians. The researcher had a target population of 16200 Christians but reduced it to 3240. This number was further reduced to 648 for ease of management. Descriptive research design is used. Stratified sampling was used to select the respondents because they exist in several groups. The final sample size was reduced to 162 respondents, and to these the questionnaires were administered. The researcher used questionnaires and interviews as the main instruments for data collection from the pastors/leaders, men, women and the youth of the various churches. The responses were collected for analysis and the data compiled in tables, graphs and the pie -charts. In general, the study established the following as the reasons behind the attractiveness of the new Christian religious movements and their forms of worship to people in strongly religious and secular societies hunger for holiness; the leadership struggles characterized by lack of inclusivity of all necessary skills. Unsatisfied psychological and basic need the pursuing of material prosperity, Search for spiritual healing, Sense of belonging and life's meaning. The Recommendation was made based on the outcome of the study that there is a need to promote good spiritual and moral leaching based on biblical theology and acculturate to modern positive Christian ethical values. The further research can be done on biblical exegesis, roles of the church in transforming social life, the charismatic movement, and the importance of the Christian ethical values in the present society.
Factors that influence discipline among the students in Imenti North District Secondary schools - Meru county.
(KeMU, 2013-06) Makathimo, Eunice Karambu
One of the goals of education is to mould good citizens. This molding is done in schools where everybody's effort is directed. One of the subjects taught to prepare students to be responsible citizens is Christian Religious Education. One of the specific objectives of CRE is to make learners God fearing and well behaved people. A lot of guidance and counseling is done in schools nowadays to ensure that students behave well. Despite those efforts teachers, administrators, and parents are all complaining about the discipline • of the young people in secondary schools. The purpose of this study was therefore to establish the factors that influence the state of discipline among the youth in North lmenti District Secondary Schools. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data from principals, teachers, and students .Prior to the administration the questionnaire was pilot tested to facilitate validation and assessment of reliability. The district has a total of 43 secondary schools with a student population of 10,663.Twenty two schools were randomly sampled .The sampled schools had 5,660 students and 600 teachers. The actual sample which was randomly selected from the population was 335 subjects comprising of 22 principals, 30 teachers and 283 students. The data was analyzed manually and then converted into frequency distribution tables and percentages. Results obtained were presented using graphs and frequency tables, in addition to narratives. The study concluded that parenting was factor number one in influencing discipline of students. The other factors included, drug and substance abuse, school administration, peer influence, curriculum demands and examinations. Christian Religious Education is also a factor that influences discipline through teaching of moral values. Those who apply the learnt values to their daily living are said to be well disciplined. The study therefore, recommends that parents should play their role properly, by being good role models in all aspects. This would ensure disciplined students in schools. It is hoped that the results will enable the stake holders in education, who include Ministry of Education, and teachers to seriously address the issue of moldings discipline among students.
Gusii culture and the relationship of women in the church: A case study on Seventh-Day Adventist church in Kisii County-Kenya
(KeMU, 2013-06) Ositu, Mary Nyarangi
ABSTRACT TITLE: GUSII CULTURE AND THE LEADERSHIP OF WOMEN IN THE CHURCH.A CASE STUDY ON SEVEN SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH IN KISII COUNTY -KENYA AUTHOR: MARY NYARANGI OSITU This study was conducted to find out the impact of Gusii culture on the leadership of women in the seventh Day Adventist Church (SDA) in Kisii County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were: To find out the Gusii cultural perceptions that work against the choosing of women leaders in the SDA church, to establish how Gusii culture influences the leadership of women in the church, to establish the role of women in the SDA church leadership and to come up with recommendations on how the issue of women leadership can be addressed in the SDA church. The study focused on the 645 SDA churches in the County, with a total population of 150,221 members. The theoretical framework of the study was based on the social construction theory of Kenneth J. Gergen and the feminist post-structural theory of Chris Weedon. Simple random sampling was used to get the sample size for the study. Questionnaires and oral interviews were used to collect data from church elders, women in leadership and women not in leadership. Interview schedules were used -to collect data from the pastors. Content validity was ascertained using experts and pilot study whereas reliability was established using split-half technique. The research design used in the study was survey correlation. This was chosen because a lot of information from widely scattered respondents was obtained and analyzed. The design also provided information concerning the degree of relationship between the variables under study through correlation coefficient matrices. Data analysis was done using qualitative techniques (SPSS). It was presented by the use of simple descriptive statistics like tables, frequencies and percentage as well as narratives and thematic quotations. The study was significant because it provided understanding of the impact of culture on the leadership of women in the SDA church. It also provided a useful forum through which women in the church expressed their views on the issue of leadership. The findings of the study: There are Gusii cultural perceptions that affect the leadership of women in the SDA church; Gusii culture has an impact on the leadership of women in the SDA church; Women play subordinate roles in the SDA church leadership; There are very few ordained female pastors in the SD~ church in Kisii county; Women need empowerment in order to access leadership positions in the SDA church. The study recommended that women be integrated in church leadership. This can be done through theological training, empowerment of women, taking them through mentorship programs and exposing them to leadership. The study also recommended that further research be done on past beliefs and writings about women issues from women's perspective. Finally, the study recommended that research be done on the impact of Gusii culture on women leadership in other Christian churches in the area.
Impact of alcoholism on parental care of school children: A case of Miriga Mieru West Division in Meru county.
(KeMU, 2012-07) Gikunda, Kimaita Richard
This study is a research to find out the impact of alcoholism on the parental care of school going children in Miragamieru West division. This is because many parents have neglected their school going children thus raising the school dropout rate. Children going to school lack basic necessities like pens, books, fees and personal effects. The number of idlers in the markets has increased in Mirigamieru West division. The rate of alcoholic drinks taking has also increased. The health of some of the parents who are heavily indulged into alcohol taking has deteriorated. Deaths of parents in unclear circumstance have occurred. Domestic violence and immoral practices like rape and violence in general has increased. The ageing parents are complaining that their daughters and sons are taking alcoholic drinks and thus neglecting their grandchildren who are in school. Women (members) at the church have complained of the many problems they face that are related to alcoholism of their spouses (husbands) and children especially sons. Alcoholism has been found to be a factor that has led to poor parental care to school going children where they are affected socially, emotionally and financially. Data has been collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). From the data analysis, it has been found that some parents are heavily indulged into alcoholism and thus wasting a lot of family resources thus failing to cater for the school going children well. It has been recommended that the Government should ensure that only the approved alcoholic drinks are sold to the parents in Mirigamieru West Davison for the illicit brews are killing them slowly thus raising the number of orphans. Government agents involved in the law enforcement should be serious in implementing jhe government alcoholic policy. The corrupt administrators should be sacked for they are encouraging the consumption of the illicit brews that are killing parents in the division at a high rate thus affecting the school going children.
The influence of Christianity on Abagusii traditional marriage customs with specific reference to the payment of dowry: A case study of Gucha District, Kisii County
(KeMU, 2014-05) Okeno, Damaris
ABSTRACT TITLE: THE INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY ON ABAGUSII TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE CUSTOMS WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO THE PAYMENT OF DOWRY: A CASE OF GUCHA DISTRICT, KISII COUNTY. AUTHOR: DAMARIS OKENO The research assessed the influence of Christianity on Kisii traditional marriage with particular reference to bride wealth in Gucha District, Kisii county Kenya. The researcher looked at the influence of Christianity on the Kisii traditional view of bride wealth. The researcher also looked at the importance of dowry in the Kisii traditional society. At the same time the study found out the differences between the Kisii traditional and Christian view of bride wealth. The research further established aspects in the Kisii traditional view of dowry that can be used to enrich Christian view of bride wealth so as to sustain the primary aim of marriage. The study is justified because it will be relevant to the youths in the Kisii community to establish a need to embrace the payment of bride wealth in their Christianity. The church on the same note will be able to adopt important aspects from the traditional view of bride wealth of the Abagusii purposely to enrich the payment of dowry in the Christian church. The study employed a descriptive research design with an aim of providing accurate and valid representation of the variables related to the research questions. Processing the data was collected by the use of codes that were easy to analyze the data using the Krejcie and Morgan table in determining the sample size. The target of the study was the elderly people in the district of age between 60 years and 90 years. Their estimated population was 50 and the sample size was 44 people. Another target group was the church members who were estimated to be 110 and the sample size was 86 members. Lastly it targeted youths in the church that estimated to 100 and the sample size was 80 of them who were to give their view on the same. The study carried out a purposive sampling technique in order to identify the respondents easily and quickly. The validity and reliability of the instruments was tested when they were applied in the field by use of content validity and the split-half method. The ethical considerations taken into account were keeping the information given confidential and observe the rules of the people by maintaining their respect by using an acceptable language within the community. The study found out that both Christian and traditional marriages interact in one way or another. Both share a system of bride wealth negotiation, the ceremonies binding the payment of bride wealth, which assists in preventing divorce. Further, the respondents on variables conformed that both dowry systems are interlinked. However, a few respondents felt that the traditional marriage system of bride wealth seem that families were selling and it is not a price given for upkeep. The study therefore, recommended that there should be a uniform system of bride wealth in both Christian and traditional marriages. In addition to that, there should be a uniform form of bride wealth negotiation and terms of payment among all groups.