Kenya Methodist University Digital Repository

Effect of Electronic Payment System On Revenue Collection Performance of County Government of Kajiado, Kenya

Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Effect of Electronic Payment System On Revenue Collection Performance of County Government of Kajiado, Kenya Saigilu, Jonathan Rayiani The study examined the effect of electronic payment systems on revenue collection performance in the County Government of Kajiado, Kenya. Revenue collection is a crucial aspect of county governments, enabling them to finance development projects and meet their financial obligations. Despite the adoption of electronic payment systems, challenges such as inefficiencies, fraud, and delayed payments persist. This study aimed to determine the influence of key components of electronic payment systems; online billing, receipting, payment, and response on revenue collection performance. Guided by the Optimal Tax Theory, Resource-Based View Theory, Innovation Diffusion Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model, the study employed a descriptive research design to investigate the relationship between the independent variables and revenue collection performance. The study targeted 195 respondents, including Executive Committee Members, Finance Personnel, and Revenue Officers, using stratified sampling to ensure representation. Sample size was 131. Data was collected through structured questionnaires, validated through pilot testing, and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that all components of the electronic payment system significantly impacted revenue collection performance. Online billing and online response had the most substantial influence, demonstrating their importance in ensuring accurate billing and effective taxpayer engagement. Online receipting and payment also positively contributed by enhancing accuracy, convenience, and trust in the payment process. Correlation analysis further supported these findings, with strong positive relationships between the components of the electronic payment system and revenue collection performance. The results indicate that improving electronic payment systems can significantly enhance revenue collection by reducing inefficiencies, increasing transparency, and fostering taxpayer compliance. The study concludes that adopting and optimizing electronic payment systems is critical for achieving better revenue collection performance in county governments. The study recommends strengthening the online billing and response processes through continuous technological upgrades and robust taxpayer engagement mechanisms. Additionally, enhancing the usability of online receipting and payment platforms is essential to encourage adoption. Policymakers are urged to standardize electronic payment systems across counties and promote digital inclusion to address barriers to adoption. Future research could explore the long-term impacts of electronic payment systems, their scalability, and inter-county comparisons to identify best practices. This study provides actionable insights for county governments aiming to improve revenue collection efficiency through digital transformation.

Influence of Strategic Direction on Organizational Performance of Public Corporations in Kenya. A Case Study of Agricultural Finance Corporation

Thu, 01 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Influence of Strategic Direction on Organizational Performance of Public Corporations in Kenya. A Case Study of Agricultural Finance Corporation Muchiri, Veronicah Mwihaki; Gichunge, Evangeline; Mutegi, Doreen This study examined the influence of strategic direction on the organizational performance of public corporations in Kenya, focusing specifically on the Agricultural Finance Corporation. The study was grounded in Contingency Theory. A descriptive research design was employed, with data collected from a sample of 204 employees across various management levels at AFC. The study also adopted simple random method. Primary data were gathered through standardized questionnaires, while secondary data on organizational performance were sourced from AFC’s financial reports and other relevant publications. Data analysis involved the use of descriptive and inferential statistics, including mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis, facilitated by SPSS version 29. It was found that a well-defined strategic direction, when effectively communicated and aligned with the organization’s operations, led to improved financial performance, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. Based on these findings, the study recommended several strategies for improving the performance of public corporations like AFC. It was recommended that AFC’s leadership enhance strategic communication to ensure that all employees are aligned with the organization’s vision, mission, and goals.

Influence of Demographic Factors on Uptake of Diagnostic Imaging by Oncology Patients in South Rift Counties, Kenya

Thu, 01 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Influence of Demographic Factors on Uptake of Diagnostic Imaging by Oncology Patients in South Rift Counties, Kenya Muikamba, Lilian; Tenambergen, Wanja; Muiruri, Lilian Purpose: To determine the influence of demographic factors on uptake of diagnostic imaging by oncology patients in South Rift Counties, Kenya. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was adopted when collecting data from 5 public hospitals in South Rift Counties. The study issued questionnaires to oncology patients and interviewed the rest of the respondents. A pre-test study was done at Texas Cancer Center in Nairobi County. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis. Qualitative results data was analyzed through thematic method. Results: 74(25%) patients had 41-50 years and 65(22%) were 61-70 years. The least number of oncology patients who were 3(1%) and they were 18-20 years of age. Further, 264(89%) were married while 33(11%) were not married. Additionally, 182(61%) were male patients while 115(39%) were female patients. Additionally, 166(56%) had a tertiary level of education while 39(13%) had primary school qualifications. In addition, 203(68%) were Christians and 80(27%) were Muslims and only 5(2%) were not religious. Notably, 110(37%) of the patients had breast cancer while 77(26%) had colon cancer. The least group of patients who were 12(4%) had lung cancer. Additionally, most of healthcare workers who were 12(39%) had more than 50 years while 10(32%) had 41-50 years. However, 4(13%) had 18-30 years. Further, 18(58%) had a master’s degree while 5(16%) had a PhD. In addition, 17(55%) had more than 10 years of service while only 5(16%) had 5-7 years. The Chi-square result revealed that χ2 (1, N = 297) = 461.599, p < 0.05. That is the Pearson Chi-Square was 461.599 at a p-value of 0.027. Conclusion and Recommendations: Most patients that sought cancer diagnostic imaging were middle and old aged male people who were married. This meant that unmarried young female adults hardly sought imaging services. The most common cancer illnesses scanned were breast, colon, and cervical cancers. The study recommends that that the hospital management should provide more funding for sensitization programs to inform unmarried young people especially females to seek early diagnostic imaging services. This will enable them to ensure that no cancerous cells are growing to be discovered at a late stage for effective management.

Factors Influencing the Uptake of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Among Adolescent Girls in Humanitarian Crises: A Case Study of Bor County, South Sudan

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Factors Influencing the Uptake of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Among Adolescent Girls in Humanitarian Crises: A Case Study of Bor County, South Sudan Areet, Areet Ayuen; Masinde, Lily J. A.; Kyulu, Teresia M. Humanitarian crises in South Sudan, characterized by conflict, displacement, and disrupted health systems, severely limit adolescent girls' access to SRH services. The study employed a mixed-methods design. This study aimed to examine factors influencing the uptake of SRH services among adolescent girls aged 15-19 in Bor County, South Sudan. The target population included adolescent girls aged 15-19, with a sample size of 225 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected via semi-structured questionnaires for quantitative insights and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) for qualitative perspectives. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, and regression analysis) with SPSS Version 25.0, and results were presented in tables, pie charts, and graphs. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically using NVivo software to identify key patterns and themes. The study found that accessibility was the most significant barrier (Beta = 0.311, p = 0.021), with long distances to clinics, poor transportation, and lack of youth-friendly services limiting uptake. Awareness and knowledge (Beta = 0.219, p = 0.032) were constrained by inadequate school-based SRH education. Psychosocial factors (Beta = 0.201, p = 0.001), including stigma and trauma, significantly deterred service utilization. Socio-cultural and economic factors (Beta = 0.156, p = 0.002), such as cultural taboos and poverty, had a notable but lesser impact. This study enriches the literature by providing context-specific insights into SRH service uptake in humanitarian settings, emphasizing the unique challenges faced by adolescent girls in Bor County. It recommends youth-friendly mobile clinics, comprehensive sexuality education, and community-based stigma reduction programs to align with South Sudan’s adolescent health policies and global humanitarian SRH standards

Health System Factors that Influence Hpv Vaccine Uptake in Kiambu County

Tue, 01 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Health System Factors that Influence Hpv Vaccine Uptake in Kiambu County Mwangi, Solomon Maina; M’mayi, Consolata; .Masinde, Lily J.A. Human papillomavirus HPV is a major cause of cervical cancer infection, however, HPV vaccine uptake among the targeted groups (ages 9-14) remains suboptimal in many regions, including Kiambu County, Kenya. Across sectional design sought to assess the relationships between health system factors and vaccine uptake. The study targeted parents with daughters aged 9–14 years. A sample of 400 respondents was included to provide a robust representation of the target population, ensuring comprehensive and reliable insights. Key findings indicate that health system factors such as absence of health provider’s, access to vaccination services and communication by healthcare providers to parents emerged as critical determinants of vaccine uptake. From the findings the study concluded that there is a significant impact of health system factors on vaccination decisions. Based on the findings the study recommended that the County Government of Kiambu through the department of Health should improve Communication among Health Care Providers and when training healthcare providers they should use recommended communication strategies to engage parents in discussing HPV vaccination.

Effect of Employees’ Training Content Relevance on Service Quality in Public Catering Institutions in Nairobi County

Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Effect of Employees’ Training Content Relevance on Service Quality in Public Catering Institutions in Nairobi County Yegon, Erustus Kibet; Muchai, Peter; Cherono, Vivian This study sought to assess the effect of employees’ training content relevance on service quality in Public Catering Institutions in Nairobi County. Grounded in Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory, the study employed a descriptive research design. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 327 respondents from a target population of 2,211 staff members, including Heads of Catering Units, catering managers, and operational staff. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential methods such as correlation and regression analysis, while qualitative data were evaluated thematically. The findings revealed that training content relevance had a statistically significant positive impact on service quality. The study concluded that effective and strategically designed employee training is a key lever for improving service quality in public catering institutions. Merely conducting training is not sufficient; the training must be responsive to job realities, tailored to institutional goals, and structured to ensure practical application and skill adaptability. These insights affirm that service excellence in the public sector depends not just on resource allocation, but on the relevance and execution of employee development initiatives. Going forward, institutions must integrate modern training techniques such as blended and experiential learning, and foster a culture of ongoing skills enhancement. These measures will not only elevate service standards but also strengthen public confidence in government-run food service programs.

Improving Quality of Nursing Care Documentation in Clinical Practice in County Referral Hospitals in Kenya

Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Improving Quality of Nursing Care Documentation in Clinical Practice in County Referral Hospitals in Kenya Mukuna, Njeri Anne Nursing care documentation is a core responsibility of professional nurses, spanning from patient admission to discharge and ensuring 24-hour continuity of care. Accurate documentation reflects patients’ conditions, nursing interventions, and outcomes, while deficiencies compromise care quality, continuity, and safety, exposing nurses to legal risks. In Kenya, persistent challenges with documentation prompted adoption of the global nursing process, positioning documentation as its final and essential step in improving healthcare outcomes. This study addressed health systems’ service delivery pillar, aiming to enhance nursing care documentation practices. Specific objectives were i) assessing the influence of individual nurse factors on the quality of nursing documentation in selected counties in Kenya; ii) establishing the influence of institutional factors on the quality of nursing documentation; iii) determining the impact of multidisciplinary collaboration on nursing documentation quality; iv) evaluating the influence of patient factors on nursing care documentation; and v) developing a framework to enhance nursing care documentation quality. The study was guided by general systems theory, McGregor’s Theory Y, and Deming’s theory. The study took place in Nyeri, Nyandarua, and Isiolo referral hospitals. Stratified sampling technique led to identification of three counties, census technique identified eight nurse managers, and random sampling identified 86 nurses and 158 patient case files. The study was organized into three phases. Phase one established a baseline using a descriptive research design. Phase two implemented applied research design, during which a Continuous Professional Development (CPD) module was developed, delivered at Nyeri County Referral Hospital, with a one-week follow-up. Phase three evaluated the effectiveness of the intervention using a descriptive design, with a sample size of 31 nurses and 31 patient case files. The study population included nurse managers and clinical nurses from the medical and surgical units and patient case files from those units in the three hospitals. Data collection instruments comprised questionnaires, a key informant guide, and an observation checklist, yielding both qualitative and quantitative data. Content analysis was used for the qualitative data, while quantitative data were analyzed using regression analysis with SPSS (version 26.0). Baseline results revealed that 78% of nursing care documentation was poor. Individual nurse factors, such as knowledge and attitude significantly influenced the quality of documentation. Institutional factors included standard operating procedures (SOPs), supervision, and institutional culture. Multidisciplinary factors influencing documentation quality included joint setting of clinical outcomes and collaborative clinical meetings. Patient factors affecting documentation included patient acuity, socio-economic empowerment, and inquisitive patients. Regression analysis of individual, patient and institutional factors demonstrated P values of <0.005, indicative of significant association. Post intervention, nursing documentation quality rose from 22% to 81.2%, demonstrating significant effectiveness. In summary, the findings show nursing documentation depends on many factors. Sustainable improvement requires identifying and addressing individual, institutional, and systemic influences through comprehensive, multi-faceted strategies, not singular approach. The study recommends i) adoption of systems thinking in improving nursing care documentation practice, ii) strengthening efforts for sustainability, iii) comparative study between manual versus electronic documentation, and iv) correlational study between public and private institutions.

Primary Healthcare Facilities' Readiness for Access to Mental Health Services in Selected Counties in Kenya

Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Primary Healthcare Facilities' Readiness for Access to Mental Health Services in Selected Counties in Kenya MUSYOKI, MILCAH NDINDA Kenya’s primary healthcare (PHC) system faces a substantial unmet need for mental-health care, with many clients first presenting at Levels 2–4 while services remain sparse, inconsistently financed, and weakly integrated, leading to delayed detection and low uptake. This mixed-methods study examined how financing, human resources, leadership and governance, and infrastructure influence access to mental-health services in public PHC facilities in Kiambu and Makueni Counties. The study population comprised PHC facilities (Levels 2–4) and frontline providers/managers; facilities were sampled proportionally by county and level to yield 179 facilities, and 355 respondents participated, while key informants were selected purposively. Quantitative analysis used logistic regression with standard diagnostics; qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Compared with out-of-pocket payment, insurance increased odds of access (OR=1.82, p=0.014), while lack of risk pooling (OR=0.24, p<0.001) and lack of resource mobilization (OR=0.45, p=0.014) reduced access. On human resources, no mental-health training (OR=0.084, p<0.001), no mental-health skills (OR=0.076, p=0.001), and poor staff distribution (OR=0.382, p=0.046) were associated with lower access. On leadership and governance, absence of capacity building (OR=0.065, p<0.001), policy implementation (OR=0.262, p<0.001), and monitoring and evaluation (OR=0.214, p<0.001) each predicted reduced access. On infrastructure, inadequate physical infrastructure (OR=0.109, p=0.001), health products/technologies (OR=0.360, p=0.001), and ICT (OR=0.277, p=0.002) lowered access. Model performance was acceptable (Nagelkerke R2=0.608; Cox & Snell R2=0.304; Hosmer–Lemeshow χ2=3.076, p=0.215). Qualitative findings triangulated these patterns, highlighting gaps in staff capacity, policy execution and supervision, medicines and supplies, and private counseling space. The study offers an immediately usable PHC screening protocol and a context-specific integration framework. It concludes that improving access will require targeted investments in workforce upskilling, reliable psychotropic supply chains, adequate infrastructure, and strengthened governance. County governments should train medical workers and establish mental-health infrastructure in PHC facilities to mainstream treatment. Future research should extend beyond Kiambu and Makueni to more of Kenya’s 47 counties and include private hospitals.

Influence of Strategy Implementation on Performance of Water Service Providers in the Lower-Eastern Counties of Kenya

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Influence of Strategy Implementation on Performance of Water Service Providers in the Lower-Eastern Counties of Kenya Miriti, Erastus Mwongera; Kihara, Peter; Miluwi, Joshua Water scarcity continues to constrain socioeconomic development in Lower-Eastern Kenya, with water service providers struggling to address high Non-Revenue Water (NRW) levels, weak coverage expansion, and financial sustainability concerns. This study examined the influence of strategy implementation on the performance of licensed water service providers in the region. Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV), which emphasizes effective deployment of valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resources for competitive advantage, the study assessed how strategic processes translate into organizational outcomes. A positivist philosophy and descriptive survey design guided the research. A stratified purposive sample of 183 respondents was drawn from a population of 758 staff across ten providers. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, pre-tested for reliability, and analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Descriptive statistics established existing practices, while regression analysis tested the hypothesized relationship. Findings revealed strong leadership engagement and organizational capacity but highlighted gaps in employee support, particularly inadequate training, motivation, and resource provision. Inferential results demonstrated a significant positive relationship between strategy implementation and performance (R = 0.526, R2 = 0.277, β = 0.491, p < 0.001). This indicates that strategy implementation explains 27.7% of performance variation, confirming that providers with robust implementation processes achieve superior efficiency, customer satisfaction, and financial outcomes. The study concludes that strategy implementation is a critical driver of performance but must be complemented by broader reforms and capacity-building initiatives. It recommends strengthening employee support systems, enhancing monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, building implementation capabilities across organizational levels, prioritizing financial sustainability, and investing in research and innovation to foster adaptive strategies for long-term water service improvement.

Management of Health Products and Technologies in Kenya: A Multi-County Study on access to Quality, Affordable Health Products and Technologies

Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Management of Health Products and Technologies in Kenya: A Multi-County Study on access to Quality, Affordable Health Products and Technologies Meme, Shadrack Mururu Health Products and Technologies (HPTs) are a cornerstone of Kenya’s health system and essential for achieving universal health coverage by ensuring access to high-quality medical services with minimal financial burden. Effective management of HPTs is critical for maintaining availability, affordability, and quality of healthcare services. Despite ongoing efforts, challenges such as delays in supply, inadequate stocks of essential medicines and laboratory commodities, wastage of health products, long lead times, poor stock monitoring, and irrational use due to inadequate storage and training persist across counties. This multi-county comparative study examined institutional determinants influencing the management of HPTs in Kisumu, Kiambu, Nyeri, Machakos, and Isiolo counties. The study focused on five independent variables, health financing, supply chain practices, inventory optimization, human resource factors, and health information management, with institutional leadership culture included as a moderating variable, while the dependent variable management of HPTs, was assessed through the dimensions of availability, affordability, and quality. Anchored on the Utilization Management Theory and Goldratt’s Theory of Constraints, and guided by the pragmatism paradigm, the study adopted a mixed-methods design that combined quantitative data from 106 respondents using census sampling and qualitative insights from ten key informants via interview guides. Research instruments were pre-tested to enhance validity and reliability, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and qualitative data analyzed thematically, with diagnostic tests ensuring assumptions of normality, homoscedasticity, autocorrelation, multicollinearity, and singularity were not violated. Findings revealed that HPT financing (P=008), inventory optimization (P=0.000), human resource factors (P=0.002), and health management information systems (P=0.022) had statistically significant positive effects on HPT management, whereas supply chain practice (P=0.546) and institutional leadership (P=0.762) culture demonstrated weak or no significant influence Based on these results, the study proposes an efficient management model integrating lean inventory practices and digitalization to enhance the availability, affordability, and quality of HPTs. The findings provide evidence-based recommendations for county health administrations and policymakers and establish a foundation for future academic, scholarly, and research endeavors in the management of health products and technologies in Kenya.