Master of Business Administration

Influence of Strategy Implementation on Organizational Performance of The County Government of Tharaka Nithi, Kenya

2025-03-01T00:00:00Z

Influence of Strategy Implementation on Organizational Performance of The County Government of Tharaka Nithi, Kenya Njagi, Sheilla Kawira Strategy implementation involves translating strategic plans into actionable steps to achieve organizational objectives. The enactment of the Kenyan Constitution in 2010 introduced a decentralized governance system, requiring counties to engage in structured pre-budget planning. The County Government Act of 2012 mandates the formulation of key plans, including the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP), County Sectoral Plans, County Spatial Plans, and County Performance Management Plans. This study investigates the influence of leadership styles, organizational structure, organizational culture, and financial resource availability on strategy implementation and organizational performance in Tharaka Nithi County Government, Kenya. The study was anchored on the McKinsey 7S framework, Higgins 8S framework, and the Resource-Based View theory. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting a population of 160 employees, from which 114 respondents were selected using stratified random sampling. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires, and a mixed-methods approach was used in data analysis. Qualitative data underwent content analysis, while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, including regression analysis via SPSS. Findings were presented in tables and narratives. Regression analysis revealed that β of 0.593 and p of 0.001between resource availability and perforamnce, a β of 0.686 and p of 0.001between leadership styles and perforamnce, a β of 0.454 and p of 0.001between organizational structure and perforamnce, and β of 0.807 and p of 0.001between organizational culture and performance. The study concludes that leadership , resource allocation, organiztaional structured and culture significantly and positively influenced performance of the county government of Tharaka Nithi. The study recommends sustained investment in personnel, financial support, procurement optimization, and machinery maintenance to enhance project execution. Leaders should emphasize ethical practices, invest in conflict-resolution training, delegate responsibilities effectively, and implement fair reward systems. Additionally, streamlining the organizational structure can improve communication, collaboration, authority clarity, and participative decision-making. Strengthening shared values, fostering innovation, enhancing employee engagement, and promoting open communication will further improve organizational culture, ultimately driving better performance within the county government.

Effect Of Index-Based Livestock Insurance and Financial Resilience Among Pastoralists in Borana Community, Southern Ethiopia

2025-08-01T00:00:00Z

Effect Of Index-Based Livestock Insurance and Financial Resilience Among Pastoralists in Borana Community, Southern Ethiopia Kusha, Biqa Boru Pastoralists living in areas prone to climate shocks and market fluctuations, such as those in the Borana community of Southern Ethiopia, depend primarily on livestock for their livelihoods. This heavy reliance makes them particularly vulnerable to economic and environmental disruptions. Index-Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI) has been developed as a financial innovation to address these vulnerabilities. Unlike traditional indemnity-based insurance, IBLI provides payouts based on objective indices, such as satellite-derived vegetation cover and rainfall levels, eliminating the need for individual livestock loss assessments. This approach ensures timely compensation, enabling pastoralists to preserve their herds, recover from climate shocks, and maintain economic stability through income diversification and reinvestment strategies. This study assessed the effect of IBLI on the financial resilience of pastoralists in Borana. Four key constructs were examined: risk management, income diversification, asset preservation, and economic empowerment. The research was anchored in Prospect Theory, Modern Portfolio Theory, Social Capital Theory, and the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, offering a multi-dimensional understanding of how financial tools can enhance resilience through improved decision-making, asset management, and social cooperation. A descriptive research design was employed, targeting a population of 24,560 pastoralists. Using Yamane’s formula, a sample size of 394 was determined and allocated proportionally across various districts using simple random sampling. Structured questionnaires with both closed and open-ended items were used to collect data. A pilot test was conducted to assess the instrument’s validity, and Cronbach’s alpha was employed to measure internal consistency, with a threshold of 0.7 considered acceptable. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, with both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including frequencies, means, standard deviations, percentages, and regression analysis. Out of the 394 targeted participants, 372 successfully responded, yielding a 95.4% response rate, which confirmed data reliability. The findings showed that 79% of respondents believed IBLI significantly reduced financial losses during droughts, thereby preventing distress livestock sales. 74% reported that the insurance contributed to income diversification, with payouts helping them invest in alternative livelihoods. In terms of asset preservation, 81% indicated that IBLI protected their livestock assets during adverse weather events, allowing them to rebuild herds and continue income-generating activities. Additionally, 67% acknowledged the role of IBLI in enhancing economic empowerment, particularly through support for cooperative management, financial inclusion, and market engagement. Regression analysis revealed a strong positive correlation (R = 0.816) between IBLI and financial resilience, indicating that the insurance scheme has a significant and measurable effect on improving the financial security of pastoral households. The study concludes that IBLI plays a critical role in enhancing financial resilience among pastoralists in Borana. It recommends expanding IBLI access, launching awareness campaigns, subsidizing insurance premiums, and integrating IBLI with local savings and credit groups to increase participation and effect. These recommendations aim to support broader efforts in climate adaptation, financial inclusion, and the sustainable development of livestock-reliant communities. Future research should explore the long-term effects of IBLI on poverty reduction, as well as the potential of digital financial technologies to improve outreach and transparency. Comparative studies assessing IBLI alongside other resilience strategies would provide further insights for policy and programming in vulnerable pastoral regions.

Effect Of Foreign Exchange Risk Management on Financial Performance of Flower Firms in Meru County, Kenya.

2025-07-01T00:00:00Z

Effect Of Foreign Exchange Risk Management on Financial Performance of Flower Firms in Meru County, Kenya. Kalthum, Abdullahi Nuna Kenya's flower industry is a vital sector that contributes significantly to the nation's income generation through exports, but it has faced a gradual decline over the past five years, affecting its performance.Earlier research on the relationship between foreign exchange risk management and company performance has highlighted various gaps that require further exploration. As a result, the main objective of this research is to assess how foreign exchange risk management affects the financial performance of flower businesses in Meru County, Kenya.The study is anchored in the Theory of Rational Expectations, the International Fisher Effect Theory, and frameworks from New Institutional Economics. The investigation sought to achieve its aims by utilizing an explanatory research approach, focusing on the leading flower enterprises in Timau, Meru County for a duration of three years (2020 – 2022). Surveys with both open-ended and closed-ended questions were used to collect primary data, while structured tables were used to collect secondary data.The study targeted 158 managers from five well-known firms: P.J Dave Rising Sun Timau Farm, Batian Flowers, Upendo Flowers, Tambuzi, and Uhuru Flowers. This management group consisted of accountants, export managers, and operational managers, all of whom play a crucial role in the creation, selling, and exporting of their flower products. Given the relatively compact size of the study group, a complete census of all 158 participants was conducted. Upon data collection, SPSS software version 27 facilitated the extraction of descriptive statistics and the execution of multiple linear regression analyses to assess the research hypotheses. The hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression analysis, and mean values and standard deviations were computed using descriptive statistics. The results were then organized into summaries, detailed reports, and frequency distribution tables. The analysis of multiple regression indicated that the R^2 value stood at 0.727, suggesting that the variables related to managing risks from foreign exchange accounted for 72.7% of the changes in the financial outcomes of the floriculture businesses in Timau Meru county. The research further indicated that effective handling of transaction risk, economic risk, and Net Exposure Management associated with foreign currency significantly impacted the financial results of these businesses in Timau Meru county, evidenced by significant values less than 0.05 and coefficients of 0.44, 0.201, and 0.330, respectively. On the other hand, the management of translation risk from foreign exchange showcased a positive, yet not significant, association with financial performance, demonstrated by a p-value of 0.314 and a coefficient of 0.085. The results indicate that the financial performance of floriculture businesses in Timau Meru county is positively impacted by the management of foreign currency risk. Consequently, it is recommended for these businesses to employ a diversified approach towards hedging against foreign currency risks, rather than relying on a singular technique.

Influence Of Reward Management Practices on Employee Performance in Technical Training Institutions in Meru County, Kenya

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Influence Of Reward Management Practices on Employee Performance in Technical Training Institutions in Meru County, Kenya Gitonga, Nkuene Diana Employee performance is pivotal for organizational success, driving strategic objectives, competitiveness, and productivity. Effective performance is influenced by individual characteristics, organizational policies, leadership, and workplace conditions, with reward management practices standing out as crucial. This study sought to investigate the influence of reward management practices and employee performance in technical training institutions in Meru County, Kenya. The study objectives were to establish the influence of financial rewards, recognition-based rewards, career development opportunities and workplace support have on employee performance. The research was underpinned on equity theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory, expectancy theory, and social exchange theory. The research employed a descriptive design. A simple random selection method was employed, targeting a population of 890 employees, from which a sample of 276 was selected. Data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. A pilot test was performed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the research instrument. The data analysis utilized descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Qualitative data were examined by content analysis. The results indicated that all assessed reward management practices positively and significantly impacted employee performance. Among the management practices, workplace support exerted the most significant impact, succeeded by career development opportunities, recognition-based rewards, and financial rewards. The research determined that reward management approaches substantially enhance employee performance in technical training institution. The results underscore the necessity for institutions to establish equitable and transparent financial compensation systems, introduce significant recognition-based rewards, offer organized career advancement possibilities, and cultivate a friendly workplace atmosphere. These strategies augment employee motivation, engagement, and productivity, hence facilitating the institutions' operational success. The report offers guidance for policymakers and institutional leaders on the design and implementation of successful compensation systems to improve employee performance. It advocates for the continual assessment and modification of reward management strategies to align with employee requirements and company objectives. Future research ought to investigate the enduring impacts of incentive systems on employee retention and organizational success, alongside the effects of cultural and demographic variables on reward choices.

Influence Of Strategic Management Drivers on Organizational Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Samburu County, Kenya

2025-09-01T00:00:00Z

Influence Of Strategic Management Drivers on Organizational Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Samburu County, Kenya Brenda, Lalampaa Senewa The organizational performance of Kenyan NGOs has been negatively affected by an overall increase in expenditures, a decline in funding, and declining employment opportunities. The general objective was to investigate the influence of strategic management drivers on the organizational performance of non-governmental organizations in Samburu County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to examines the influence of organizational culture, competencies of employees, management structure, and donor fund management on the organizational performance of non-governmental organizations in Samburu County, Kenya. The resource-based view theory, agency theory, and contingency theories were the main theories of the study. The study employed a descriptive research design targeting 81 NGOs in Samburu County, involving 66 directors, 89 operations managers, and 107 program coordinators was selected through simple random sampling. A pilot study involving 8 NGOs in Laikipia County tested the research tools. Validity was assessed through content, criterion, and construct validity, while reliability was measured using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. Data analysis included descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations), Pearson correlation, and multivariate regression, with results presented through model summaries, ANOVA, and regression coefficients. The findings reveal that while NGOs in Samburu promote staff diversity (92% agreed) strong work values (90% agreed), policy frameworks (89% agreed, 40% agreed), and cost control (86% agreed), they struggle with internal communication (89% disagreed), limited staff interaction (89% disagreed), lack of managerial respect (92% disagreed), and absence of funding models (86% disagreed). Hypothesis testing showed all four predictors significantly influenced NGO performance: organizational culture (β=0.251, p=0.002), employee competencies (β=0.433, p=0.017), management structure (β=0.516, p=0.004), and donor fund management (β=0.354, p=0.022). Management structure had the strongest impact, followed by employee competencies, donor fund management, and lastly, organizational culture. It is thus recommended that to enhance organizational culture, the management develop structural policies that will determine the flow of information from the management to the staff. On the established management structures, the recommendations are that there should be a consensus developed by both the management and staff on their interaction. The study recommends that NGOs need to restructure their funding models to include own-source revenue from established income-generating projects. The attention of the study was drawn to NGOs in the ASAL region, like Samburu County. Other studies could consider other ASAL regions like Mandera, Garissa, Isiolo, and Turkana with the aim of establishing how strategic management drivers enhance performance.

Effect Of Strategic Implementation on Organizational Performance of Commercial Banks in Meru County, Kenya

2025-09-01T00:00:00Z

Effect Of Strategic Implementation on Organizational Performance of Commercial Banks in Meru County, Kenya Martin, Kirimi Mwongera An increment of non-performing loans within the commercial banks, have negatively affected the implementation pace of new strategies in branches such as in Meru. The general objective was to examine the influence of strategic implementation on organizational performance of commercial banks in Meru County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to evaluate the influence of resource allocation, strategic alignment, process development and change management on organizational performance of commercial banks in Meru County, Kenya. The four theories of the study are theory of management by objectives, theory of change, resource-based view theory, and institutional theory. Descriptive research design was used to collect data from 19 registered commercial banks in Meru County, as the unit of observation. The respondents were 19 branch managers, and 152 banking staff. In determination of samples, the study used purposive to sample 19 managers and simple random method to sample 91 staff. The study conducted a pilot study in two microfinance banks which are Faulu and Kenya Women Micro finance institutions. Questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS to generate descriptive and multivariate analysis. The interview results will be analyzed by thematic method. The correlation coefficient indicated that resource allocation, strategic alignment, process development, change management had a positive influence on organizational performance. The recommendations on resource allocation are that senior management should ensure that there is impartiality in organizational politics to minimize its interference with even resource distribution among the commercial banking departments. On strategic alignment, the bank management could consider including strategy alignment as an area of concern in the mentorship programs in place. On process development, the commercial bank’s management could consider sensitizing the issue of cyber management within the banking departments. On change management, the management should strengthen its policy framework that ensures that the staff are accorded a chance to be involved in strategic formulation.

Influence Of Strategic Plan Implementation on Organizational Performance of County Government of Kitui

2025-09-01T00:00:00Z

Influence Of Strategic Plan Implementation on Organizational Performance of County Government of Kitui Damaris, Mumo Mutheu Despite having an operational strategic plan, county governments in Kenya have witnessed a decline in the absorption rate of development expenditure into the development. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of strategic plan implementation on the organizational performance of the County Government of Kitui, Kenya. The specific objectives were to examine the influence of strategic leadership, strategic resource allocation, strategic tracking progress, and strategic task delegation on the organizational performance of the County Government of Kitui, Kenya. There were three theories that informed the study, and they include the theory of organizational configuration, resource-based view theory, and the theory of organizational culture. A descriptive research design was used in determining the characteristics of the population in consideration. The respondents comprised of 17 directors, 25 departmental managers, and 73 administrators. The directors were interviewed, whereas the departmental managers and administrators answered questionnaires. A pre-test study was undertaken in Machakos County Government. The study considered three types of validity, which were content, construct, and criterion. Cronbach's alpha was one of the methods of internal consistency that examined reliability. Notably, complete questionnaires were coded into SPSS version 26. Various descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations were derived. Inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation were analyzed to test the hypothesis, whereas the multiple regression analysis, like the model summary, ANOVA, and regression coefficients, was provided. The findings of the study noted that Kitui County supported staff development but lacked effective communication, revenue strategies, and consistent outcome evaluation. Gender imbalance in task delegation persisted. Recommendations include strengthening communication, accountability, outcome tracking, and enforcing the two-thirds gender rule in leadership and task allocation.

Effect Of Strategic Digital Transformation on Organizational Performance of Marsabit County Government, Kenya

2025-09-01T00:00:00Z

Effect Of Strategic Digital Transformation on Organizational Performance of Marsabit County Government, Kenya Boru, Kosi Wako Despite the establishment of strategic digital transformation processes in county governments in Kenya, weak policies, poor strategic decision-making and inflexible governance structure in Marsabit County, have resulted to low organizational performance. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of strategic digital transformation on the organizational performance of the Marsabit County Government, Kenya. The specific objectives were to examine the effect of digitizing operations, institutional culture transformation, strategic leadership support, and strategic centricity on organizational performance of the Marsabit County Government, Kenya. Theory of Reasoned Action was the anchor theory on which the technology acceptance model is directly based. Other theories of the study were the upper echelon and stewardship theories. The study adopted descriptive research design and included 69 managers and 220 officers. The departmental managers answered both closed- and open-ended questionnaires, whereas the officers answered the closed-ended questionnaires. A pilot study was done in Samburu County government. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done through SPSS, whereby frequency, percentages, and mean represented descriptive analysis, while Pearson correlation, model summary, analysis of variance, and regression coefficients represented the inferential analysis. Digitizing operations (R = 0.487, Sig = 0.003), institutional culture (R = 0.746, Sig = 0.002), and strategic leadership support (R = 0.638, Sig = 0.000) had strong positive influences on organizational performance, while strategic centricity (R = 0.304, Sig = 0.001) showed a weak but positive correlation. The study recommends that the information and technology departmental managers should conduct sensitization to other county departments in Marsabit, explaining the relevance of data in decision-making. Furthermore, the county administrators are also recommended to ensure that there is a culture of support and empathy towards each other, across all departments.

Influence Of Employee Empowerment Strategies on Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

2025-09-01T00:00:00Z

Influence Of Employee Empowerment Strategies on Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia Evelyn, Wechuli Employee empowerment is a crucial factor in enhancing the performance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), particularly in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where NGOs address significant socio-economic challenges. Despite their critical role in promoting sustainable development, many NGOs face obstacles such as hierarchical leadership, limited access to information, inadequate skills development, and unsupportive management, which hinder effectiveness. This study examines the influence of empowerment strategies autonomy in decision-making, access to information, skills development, and supportive management on NGO performance in Addis Ababa. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, Resource-Based View Theory, Human Capital Theory, and Leader-Member Exchange Theory, the study employed a descriptive survey design. The target population comprised employees from selected NGOs, with a representative sample drawn through stratified and simple random sampling. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Diagnostic tests, including reliability and validity assessments, ensured data accuracy. Multiple regression results revealed significant explanatory power, with an adjusted R² of 0.786, showing that 78.6% of performance variation was explained by the four empowerment strategies. The model was statistically significant (F = 11.273, p < 0.001), confirming the joint predictive strength of the variables. At the individual level, all four significantly influenced performance. Autonomy in decision-making (β = 0.233, p = 0.013) enhanced ownership and accountability. Access to information (β = 0.245, p = 0.003) fostered transparency and better decisions. Skills development (β = 0.312, p = 0.000) improved employee capabilities, boosting efficiency. Most notably, supportive management (β = 0.615, p = 0.000) had the strongest effect, highlighting leadership, mentorship, and resource support as key drivers of motivation. The study concludes that NGO performance in Addis Ababa is significantly shaped by the alignment of empowerment strategies. It recommends prioritizing decision-making autonomy, enhancing information access, investing in skills development, and promoting supportive management. These findings offer practical insights for NGO leaders and policymakers to strengthen workforce engagement and organizational effectiveness.

Customer Loyalty in Fast Moving Consumer Goods Industries in Nairobi County

2025-10-01T00:00:00Z

Customer Loyalty in Fast Moving Consumer Goods Industries in Nairobi County Mulima, Raiton Sababe This study examined the effect of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on customer loyalty among Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study aimed to analyse how specific CRM dimensions trust, perceived value, switching cost, and empathy influence customer loyalty. The study was guided by null hypotheses and was anchored on Social Exchange Theory, Relationship Marketing Theory, and Customer Relationship Management Theory. A descriptive research design was employed. The target population consisted of 794 marketing and public relations professionals from 45 FMCG companies. A sample of 267 respondents was selected through stratified random sampling. Data was collected via self-administered structured questionnaires using a drop-and-pick method. A pilot study was conducted to ensure the reliability and validity of the research instrument. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to test internal consistency (reliability), while expert reviews confirmed content validity. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages) were used to summarize the data. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted at a 95% confidence level to determine the influence of the independent variables on customer loyalty. Prior to regression analysis, key assumptions were tested including normality, linearity, multicollinearity, homoscedasticity, and independence of residuals. The findings showed positive and statistically significant relationships between customer loyalty and all CRM dimensions: Trust (β = 0.595, p = 0.001), Switching cost (β = 0.261, p = 0.001), Perceived value (β = 0.210, p = 0.001) and Empathy (β = 0.401, p = 0.001) The study concluded that enhancing these CRM components positively affects customer loyalty. It recommends that FMCG companies focus on maintaining product quality and transparency to build trust, use incentives to reduce switching, emphasize perceived value, and train staff in empathetic customer service to strengthen loyalty and retention