Journal Articles

Understanding The Socio-Economic Determinants of Family Planning Service Utilization Among Women of Reproductive Age In Eldas Sub-County: A Mixed-Methods Study

2024-06-01T00:00:00Z

Understanding The Socio-Economic Determinants of Family Planning Service Utilization Among Women of Reproductive Age In Eldas Sub-County: A Mixed-Methods Study Mohamed, Sulekha; M’mayi, Consolata; Nyavanga, Eunice This study investigates the socio-economic factors influencing the utilization of family planning (FP) services among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in the Eldas sub-county. Utilizing a mixedmethods research approach, quantitative data were collected through structured surveys administered to a representative sample of women. Additionally, qualitative insights were gathered through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The findings reveal significant associations between various socioeconomic variables and FP service utilization. Marital status and age emerged as contributors, with women aged 36-45 demonstrating higher utilization rates compared to younger age groups, and widowed women exhibiting greater propensity to utilize FP services compared to their married counterparts. Educational background and employment status were also found to be statistically significant predictors of FP service utilization, with educated and employed women demonstrating higher likelihoods of utilizing FP services. Moreover, the number of children, involvement in polygamous marriages, and discussion about birth control with partners were identified as key factors influencing FP service utilization. These findings underscore the importance of addressing socio-economic disparities and promoting educational and economic empowerment initiatives to enhance FP service utilization among women in the Eldas subcounty. Policy and programmatic interventions targeting these factors are recommended to improve reproductive health outcomes and empower women in making informed decisions about their reproductive health.

Influence of Kenya's Military engagement in Somalia on the achievement of Kenya’s National interests.

2025-08-01T00:00:00Z

Influence of Kenya's Military engagement in Somalia on the achievement of Kenya’s National interests. Muhati, Kerry; Agolla, Fredrick Ochieng’; Miluwi, Joshua O. Kenya's military engagement in Somalia since 2011 represents a significant shift from traditional noninterference to active regional security participation. This study examined the influence of Kenya's military engagement in Somalia on achieving national interests, focusing on three key dimensions: border security enforcement operations, maritime security operations, and peace support and stabilization missions. The research employed a descriptive design using quantitative approaches to analyze data from 165 stakeholders, including military officers, government officials, counterterrorism experts, and community members, achieving a 96.5% response rate. The study utilized structured questionnaires and employed SPSS version 27.0 for statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The theoretical framework was grounded in realist international relations theory, particularly defensive realism, which explains Kenya's intervention as rational threat-balancing behavior to protect vital national interests. Key findings revealed that all three military engagement components significantly influenced national interests’ achievement. Regression analysis demonstrated strong explanatory power (R² = 0.718, F = 78.03, p < 0.001), with border security enforcement showing the strongest individual impact (β = 0.351), followed by maritime operations (β = 0.312) and peace missions (β = 0.308). International cooperation and regional influence achieved highest success levels, while economic protection and addressing conflict root causes showed lower effectiveness. The study concludes that Kenya's military engagement effectively advances national interests through complementary mechanisms, validating defensive realist theory while highlighting the importance of comprehensive approaches. Recommendations include maintaining comprehensive engagement while prioritizing border security investments, enhancing bilateral capacity building, developing integrated civilmilitary strategies, and pursuing diplomatic initiatives to address underlying political tensions for sustainable long-term stability.

Influence of Innovation on Performance of Textile and Clothing Businesses in Nairobi County, Kenya

2025-04-01T00:00:00Z

Influence of Innovation on Performance of Textile and Clothing Businesses in Nairobi County, Kenya Bashulile, Dieu-Merci Nehemie; Kirimi, Dorothy; Muriuki, Moses This study investigates the influence of innovation on the business performance of textile and clothing (T&C) businesses in Nairobi County, Kenya. Innovation is a critical driver for improving organizational performance, especially in industries characterized by fast-paced change and competition. The study used a descriptive research design to examine the relationship between innovation and business performance. A total of 85 T&C businesses were targeted. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, which assessed both the implementation of innovative practices and the performance of businesses in terms of profitability, market share, and customer satisfaction. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including regression analysis, were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between innovation and business performance, with businesses that embraced innovation in product development, customer service, and the adoption of advanced technologies reporting higher performance outcomes. The study established that innovation functions as a crucial element in boosting business achievement by helping companies achieve competitive market positions. The research team outlined three main recommendations that included establishing innovation cultures within businesses and creating supportive innovation environments with policymakers alongside studying the specific innovation types that drive performance results the most. The research findings deliver essential knowledge to textile and clothing sector managers policymakers and business owners about innovation's critical role in enduring development and sustainability.

Influence of stakeholder engagement on change intervention in Nairobi City County Government.

2025-07-01T00:00:00Z

Influence of stakeholder engagement on change intervention in Nairobi City County Government. Macharia, William Wamai; Munga, Jane Wanjiru; Kithinji, Moses This study examined the influence of stakeholder engagement on change intervention in NCCG. Grounded in Stakeholder Theory the study adopted an explanatory research design using a quantitative approach. The target population comprised 6,899 county personnel across top, middle, and operational levels, from which a stratified random sample of 378 respondents was drawn. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression to establish the statistical significance and influence of Stakeholder engagement on change intervention. The findings revealed that Stakeholder engagement emerged as a critical determinant, with strong communication channels, feedback mechanisms, and stakeholder representation contributing to enhanced transparency and public trust. The study concludes that for NCCG to achieve sustainable and impactful change, Stakeholder engagement should be institutionalized through participatory governance frameworks. The study recommends the formulation of a formal stakeholder engagement policy. From a policy perspective, the study advocates for a holistic and inclusive model of strategic change that embeds transparency, accountability, and responsiveness within the public sector.

Influence of Strategic Direction on Performance of Commercial Banks in Juba, South Sudan

2025-06-01T00:00:00Z

Influence of Strategic Direction on Performance of Commercial Banks in Juba, South Sudan Deng, John Ayuen Dhuor; Mbebe, James; Mbithi, Mary Performance of organizations has been a focal point of research, particularly in understanding how effectively they implement strategic plans to achieve their mission and vision. Strategic planning practices play an important role in enhancing operational efficiency and achieving a competitive advantage. This study established the influence of strategic direction on the performance of commercial banks in Juba, South Sudan. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. The unit of analysis comprised 31 licensed commercial banks, while the unit of observation included 186 managers. A stratified random sampling technique, in addition to the Taro Yamane formula, was used to select 128 participants. Data was collected using questionnaires with both open-ended and closed questions. The questionnaires were administered both physically and electronically. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, summarize the data, while a binary logistic regression model was applied for inferential analysis. The findings were presented in tables and narratives. Findings revealed that strategic direction setting, including well-documented vision, mission, and core values, significantly improved performance (p-value =0.001), with banks having structured direction setting showing a 12.784 times higher likelihood of achieving better performance than unstructured ones. The study recommends that managers of banks in Juba actively set strategic direction through the formulation of vision, mission, objectives, and core values statements.

Influence of stakeholder management on performance of renewable energy projects in Kenya.

2025-07-01T00:00:00Z

Influence of stakeholder management on performance of renewable energy projects in Kenya. Chamdany, Philiph K. A.; Kirimi, Dorothy; Kithinji, Moses This study assessed the influence of stakeholder management on the performance of renewable energy projects in Kenya. The study was grounded in the Stakeholder Theory which provided a multidimensional lens for examining how institutional and managerial practices shape project outcomes. The study adopted an explanatory research design was targeting stakeholders involved in the implementation of renewable energy projects across Kenya. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained from relevant project reports and regulatory agencies. The target population was 380. Sample size was 195. The stratified random sampling technique was the most appropriate approach for this study. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis to determine the nature and strength of the relationships between the PPP drivers and project performance. The findings revealed that stakeholder management had a positive and statistically significant influence on project performance. The study concludes that the successful implementation of renewable energy projects in Kenya requires strategic attention to inclusive stakeholder engagement. It recommends that project managers adopt integrated planning approaches and that policymakers strengthen regulatory frameworks to support sustainable project outcomes. The study also identifies gaps for future research, particularly the need to explore the roles of technological innovation, regulatory governance, and longitudinal project tracking in the evolving renewable energy landscape.

Strategic direction and organizational performance of four star hotels in Nairobi County, Kenya.

2025-03-01T00:00:00Z

Strategic direction and organizational performance of four star hotels in Nairobi County, Kenya. Nyamao, Catherine Kwamboka; Munga, Jane; Mbebe, James Globally, strategic leadership is recognized for its major contribution to a strategy implementation timetable that is successful and that is essential in directing and enhancing the context and mode of strategy implementation. The primary goal is to investigate the performance and strategic leadership of Kenya's fourstar hotels. The study specifically examines how much organizational performance is influenced by strategic direction in Kenyan four-star hotels. Goal-setting theory served as a guiding principle for this investigation. Questionnaires were used in the collection of data. For this study, a descriptive research design was used. 148 general managers, assistant general managers, and supervisors employed by Kenya's four-star hotels were the study's target group. This study included a census. To obtain the respondents, a census will be used. Standard deviation and mean will be utilized to measure central tendency, and regression and correlation analysis are two examples of inferential statistics that will be employed in the study. Performance (M=2.96, SD=1.08) and strategic direction (M=3.48, SD=1.26) were deemed significant (p < 0.5; r = 0. 891, p = 0.000 < 0. 5. According to the study, to reveal additional empirical data on this crucial topic of strategic direction and how it interacts with other facets of organizational performance, particularly social performance, more literature reviews are required. Researchers are advised to conduct investigations into this relationship.

Influence of Resource Allocation on the Performance of the Kenya Revenue Authority

2024-05-01T00:00:00Z

Influence of Resource Allocation on the Performance of the Kenya Revenue Authority Ng’ang’a, Irene Nyakio; Kituku, Gladys; Miluwi, Joshua Good performance of revenue authority through a steady flow of incomes is an indicator of the financial health of a country in its role of providing: public services, infrastructure, and social programs support. Prioritizing an efficient tax system reduces dependence on foreign aid and also fosters domestic revenue generation. However, developing countries have not been able to finance their budgets internally ending up relying on loans from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. These loans become hard to manage with high dependencies on lending institutions becoming debt trap cycles hindering their economic sustainability. Kenya, according to the World Bank (2022), through a debt sustainability report revealed that the present value of total debt to gross domestic product was at 70.5% in 2020, 76.3% in 2022, and is projected to be at 79.2% in October 2023.Huge debt by the Kenyan government running in Trillions of Kenya shillings is attributed to high borrowing from deficiencies in collections by the Kenya Revenue Authority. These unfolding statistics require appropriate strategic initiatives in resource allocation to correct the situation on the performance of the Kenya Revenue Authority. This paper sought to examine the influence of resource allocation on the performance of the Kenya Revenue Authority. The study applied a descriptive research design. The target population for the study was the Kenya Revenue Authority. The unit of analysis included 196 middle-level managers of KRA from the Finance department (87), Human resource department (43), Marketing and communication departments (39), and Corporate service and administration departments (27). The stratified random sampling method and the Slovin formula were applied to obtain a representative sample size of 132 respondents. The study gathered data through online surveys and questionnaires which were physically administered. Data collected was analyzed through both descriptive and inferential analyses. Results revealed a β of 0.691 and a p-value of 0.001, between resource allocation and the performance of KRA. The study concluded that resource allocation had a positive and significant influence on the performance of the Kenya Revenue Authority. The study recommended optimizing resource allocation to align with strategic goals to enhance operational efficiency. Furthermore, the study recommended fostering inclusivity and staff participation to boost organizational resilience and innovation. Moreover, the study recommended prioritizing investment in ICT infrastructure to ensure competitiveness and productivity. Lastly, the study recommended that maintaining adequate staffing levels and empowering employees through training would foster a motivated workforce to enhance KRA’s adaptability, performance, and long-term sustainability.

Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Industry in Nairobi County

2025-08-01T00:00:00Z

Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Industry in Nairobi County Mulima, Raiton Sababe; Mbebe, James; Maore, Stephen Customer loyalty remains a major challenge for Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies in Kenya. This study examined the influence of relationship marketing dimensions— trust, perceived value, switching cost, and empathy—on customer loyalty among FMCG firms in Nairobi County. Grounded on Social Exchange Theory, Relationship Marketing Theory, and Customer Relationship Management Theory, the study employed a descriptive research design. The target population comprised 794 marketing and public relations employees in 45 FMCG companies, with a stratified random sample of 267 respondents. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 24, applying both descriptive and inferential statistics at a 95% confidence level. Results revealed that trust (β = 0.595, p = 0.001), switching cost (β = 0.261, p = 0.001), perceived value (β = 0.210, p = 0.001), and empathy (β = 0.401, p = 0.001) had a positive and significant influence on customer loyalty. The study concludes that relationship marketing significantly enhances loyalty in FMCG companies. It recommends that firms uphold high product and service quality to maintain trust, leverage financial incentives to reduce switching tendencies, and train employees in empathy and communication to improve customer experiences. Regulators should also periodically review policies to strengthen FMCG competitiveness and customer retention in Nairobi County

Influence of Strategic Resource Allocation on the Performance of Paint Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

2025-07-01T00:00:00Z

Influence of Strategic Resource Allocation on the Performance of Paint Manufacturing Firms in Kenya Karani, Magdaline Wangui; Munga, Jane; Mbithi, Mary The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of strategic resource allocation on the performance of paint manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study was motivated by inconsistent performance trends in the sector, often attributed to inefficient allocation of resources despite increasing competition and market demands. A correlational research design was adopted, targeting 26 paint manufacturing firms registered with the Paint Manufacturers Association of Kenya. Stratified random sampling was used to select 113 respondents from key managerial roles. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Findings revealed that optimal strategic resource allocation significantly enhances organizational performance. Specifically, firms with optimal allocation practices were 25 times more likely to achieve high performance compared to those with suboptimal resource use. The study concludes that strategic allocation of resources is a key driver of firm success. It recommends that paint manufacturing firms adopt data-driven, demand-based resource distribution strategies, and invest in areas with the highest returns. Emphasis should also be placed on aligning resource planning with customer expectations and market dynamics to improve competitiveness and sustainability.